中國大陸西部地區護理工作環境與護理人員職業倦怠、工作滿意度及離職意向的相關性研究

陳雨朦; 方進博

doi:10.6224/JN.63.1.87

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P87 - 98

医药卫生 > 预防保健与卫生学
医药卫生 > 社会医学

DOI： 10.6224/JN

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中国大陆西部地区护理工作环境与护理人员职业倦怠、工作满意度及离职意向的相关性研究

Correlation between Nursing Work Environment and Nurse Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention in the Western Region of Mainland China

陈雨朦(Yu-Meng Chen) ；方进博(Jin-Bo Fang)

护理杂志； 63 卷 1 期 (2016 / 02 / 01) ， P87 - 98

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6224/JN.63.1.87

护理工作环境；职业倦怠；工作满意度；离职意向； nursing work environment ； burnout ； job satisfaction ； turnover intention

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (39) │ 被引用文献 (4) │ 国际计量

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Background: Nurse burnout and low job satisfaction are main reasons that cause nurses to leave their current position. Improving the nursing work environment may reduce the severity of job burnout and of job dissatisfaction and thus decrease the turnover intention of nursing staff. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the nursing work environment and the outcome variables of burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in the western region of Mainland China. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Survey data were collected between February and December 2012 from 1,112 clinical nurses working at 83 medical, surgical, and intensive care units in 20 hospitals across the western region of Mainland China. Multistage sampling was conducted on some of the participants. The research instruments that were used included the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Nurse Job Satisfaction Scale, and the self-developed basic information and turnover intention questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. The level of statistical significance was set at p ＜ .05. Results: Among the five dimensions of the nursing work environment, collegial nurse-physician relations earned the most favorable mean scores (3.57 ± 0.68; total = 4 points), whereas adequacy of staffing and resources earned the lowest (3.21 ± 0.82). Over half of the participants (58.4%) reported experiencing a high level of emotional exhaustion (EE) burnout, 45.2% reported experiencing a high level of depersonalization (DP) burnout, and 24.6% reported experiencing a high level of personal accomplishment (PA) burnout. About 59% of the participants were satisfied with their work and 3.8% reported intention to leave. Participants in self-reported ＂favorable＂ work environments were less likely to report high burnout, less likely to report intention to leave, and more likely to report job satisfaction than their peers in self-reported ＂poor＂ work environments. The odds ratio (OR) values were 0.64 (EE), 0.66 (DP), 0.57 (PA), 0.19, and 2.26. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The results of the present study support that the nursing work environment affects nurse burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Therefore, nursing managers should work to improve nursing work environments in order to reduce the turnover intent among their nursing staff.

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中华人民共和国卫生部（2013）．2013中国卫生统计年鉴．取自http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/ptjnj/year2013/index2013.html [Ministry of Health of P. R. China. (2013). 2013 China health statistics yearbook. Retrieved from http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/ptjnj/year2013/index2013.html]
Aiken, L. H.,Clarke, S. P.,Sloane, D. M.(2002).Hospital staffing, organization, and quality of care: Cross-national finding.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,14(1),5-14.
Aiken, L. H.,Clarke, S. P.,Sloane, D. M.,Lake, E. T.,Cheney, T.(2008).Effects of hospital care environment on patient mortality and nurse outcomes.The Journal of Nursing Administration,38(5),223-229.
Aiken, L. H.,Sermeus, W.,Van den Heede, K.,Sloane, D. M.,Busse, R.,McKee, M.,Kutney-Lee, A.(2012).Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: Cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States.BMJ: British Medical Journal,344,e1717.
Buchan, J.,Aiken, L.(2008).Solving nursing shortages: A common priority.Journal of Clinical Nursing,17(24),3262-3268.

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