主動式呼氣閥的開發與測試

Sheng-Hsiu Huang; Po-Chen Hung; Chun-Wan Chen; Chih-Chieh Chen

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P78 - 89

医药卫生 > 预防保健与卫生学
医药卫生 > 社会医学
工程学 > 市政与环境工程

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主动式呼气阀的开发与测试

Development and Testing of an Active Exhalation Valve

黄盛修(Sheng-Hsiu Huang) ；洪粕宸(Po-Chen Hung) ；陈春万(Chun-Wan Chen) ；陈志杰(Chih-Chieh Chen)

劳动及职业安全卫生研究季刊； 31 卷 4 期 (2023 / 12 / 20) ， P78 - 89

繁体中文;英文

主动式呼气阀；空气阻抗；保护系数； Active exhalation valve ； Air resistance ； Protection factor

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (16) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

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The resistance that the wearer feels when breathing is one of the most important aspects of comfort when wearing a respirator. The higher the resistance, the harder the user has to breathe and more challenging to get a good seal on the face. It’s only when a tight-fitting respirator fits well and is comfortable that it remains worn throughout the day. Recently, using PAPRs as an alternative to non-powered respirators for front-line healthcare workers has received increasing attention. With the help of the blower unit, a traditional PAPR has much lower inhalation resistance than one operated under a non-powered mode. Conversely, the exhalation resistance would be more significant because the wearer should combat the blower to exhale. Therefore, this article presents the development and testing of an active exhalation valve. The main objective is to reduce the wearer's discomfort by reducing the air resistance during exhalation without compromising the protection provided by traditional PAPRs. In this study, a commercially available constant flow rate PAPR was modified and tested. First, the active exhalation valve, which was made of a traditional exhalation valve, a miniature DC electromagnet, and a logic circuit board, was designed and fabricated. Then, under the simulated breathing conditions, the static pressure value and particle concentration in the facepiece of the PAPR equipped with the active exhalation valve and the original one were measured using a digital pressure sensor and a direct-reading particle counter, respectively. The active exhalation valve significantly reduced the static pressure during exhalation in the facepiece without affecting the original protection factor provided by the PAPR. Taking the condition that the supply airflow rate of PAPR was about 70 L/min as an example, when the tidal volume was 0.5 L, and the breathing frequency was 12 breaths/min, the maximum static pressure in the facepiece of the PAPR can reduce from the original 17 mmH_2O to about 6 mmH_2O under the action of the active exhalation valve. The active exhalation valve developed by our research can significantly improve the discomfort caused by breathing resistance when wearing a constant flow rate PAPR.

参考文献 ( 16 ) 〈TOP〉

Bellin, P,Hinds, WC(1990).Aerosol penetration through respirator exhalation valves.American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,51(10),60-555.
Bharatendu, C,Ong, JJY,Goh, Y,Tan, BYQ,Chan, ACY,Tang, JZY(2020).Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) restores the N95 face mask induced cerebral hemodynamic alterations among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak.Journal of the Neurological Sciences,417,117078.
Brosseau, LM(1998).Aerosol penetration behavior of respirator valves.American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,59(3),80-173.
Burgess, WA,Anderson, DE(1967).Performance of respirator expiratory valves.American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,28(3),216-223.
Chakladar, A,Jones, CG,Siu, J,Hassan-Ibrahim, MO,Khan, M(2021).Microbial contamination of powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) used during the COVID-19 pandemic: an in situ microbiological study.American Journal of Infection Control,49(6),707-712.

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