臺灣「草蝦王國」的形成(1968-1988)－政府與民間扮演的角色

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doi:10.7058/TAHJ.201006.0139

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P139 - 176

人文学 > 历史学

DOI： 10.7058/TAHJ

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台湾「草虾王国」的形成(1968-1988)－政府与民间扮演的角色

The Transformation of Taiwan into "the Empire of the Giant Tiger Prawn" (1968-1988): The Roles of the Government and the People

薛月顺(Yueh-Shun Hsueh)

国史馆馆刊； 24 期 (2010 / 06 / 01) ， P139 - 176

繁体中文 DOI： 10.7058/TAHJ.201006.0139

草虾；虾苗；农复会；水产试验所；洛氏基金会； the giant tiger prawn ； prawn larvae ； the Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction JCRR ； The Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute ； the Rockefeller Foundation

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (50) │ 被引用文献 (2) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

并列摘要〈TOP〉

Since 1968, Taiwan has been very successful in the cultivation of the giant tiger prawn. The annual output of the species was on the rise, a metric ton in 1977, up to a million metric tons in 1983, and 8 million metric tons in 1987, all of which added up to the earning of the name-”the Empire of the Giant Tiger Prawn.”
The cultivation of the larvae and the breeding of the adult prawn have remained a unique technology of Taiwan. This technology was primarily attributed to the initiation by the government. The Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute then was already aware that the tiger prawn grow fast, require only very little food, and are easily adaptive to the changing environments in terms of the temperature and the amount of salt in the water. Based on these facts, the Institute started the cultivation of the prawn. In the beginning there was a lack in the larvae. So, they began to turn to artificial cultivation. When the cultivation of the larvae turned out to be successful, the Institute started developing the breeding techniques of the prawn, both individually and intensively. When the density of the prawn within a specific growing space became greater, traditional fodder was found to be not good enough for the prawn because it might easily spoil the water quality, and thus threaten the survival of the species. Therefore, the Institute in cooperation with the producers of the fodder managed to manufacture a special kind of food for the prawn, making possible the production of the species both individually and intensively. In other words, without the production of the man-made fodder, it was impossible to cultivate the species. In this matter, JCRR helped a lot in budget as well as in the execution of the program and the training of skilled staff.
The participation of people in cultivating the prawn was another factor contributing to the establishment of the Empire. With such a long history of fishery cultivation, Taiwan has achieved the training of a group of experts on the business, with needed skills and potentials for continual innovations. This explosive force, along with the endeavors of the government, has sparked off a bright and resplendent fire in prawn cultivation. Furthermore, Taiwanese fishermen have created a set of vivid and lively terms for the business in place of the often awkward and difficult scholarly terms. This certainly contributed to the spreading of the techniques of prawn cultivation.
Meanwhile, the marketing expansion to Japan not only eased the problem of limited local consumption but also greatly raised the production output. This nice cycle of market expansion and production output enabled the business to become more specialized, which was reinforced by frequent innovations in freezing techniques and in labor division. All these together helped continually to raise the standard of prawn cultivation in Taiwan during the period under study.
In sum, the success of Taiwan as the ”Empire of the Giant Tiger Prawn” could be attributed to the efforts made by both the government and the people, either was indispensable. Besides, other basic constructions such as the development of electric power and transportation were also important in the fast advancement of the business.

参考文献 ( 50 ) 〈TOP〉

(1981)。高雄县深水式虱目鱼养殖介绍。渔友，40
〈Continuation of Study in Sprimp culture〉，《农委会档案》，国史馆藏，目录号：518，案卷号：1388
(1978)。褒奖人员事绩纪要。中国水产，312
〈台湾渔村发现之旅〉，行政院农业委员会渔业署渔业资讯服务网，网址：http://www.fa.gov.tw/~faweb/chn/recreation/recreation_01_01_14.php（2007年1月点阅）
〈Promotion of Sprimp Farming, Demonstration of Intensive Sprimp Monoculture and Gracilaria culture〉，《农委会档案》，国史馆藏，目录号：316，案卷号：1456

被引用文献 ( 2 ) 〈TOP〉

郭忠豪(2019)。滋血液，养神气：日治到战後台湾的养鳖知识、养殖环境与食疗文化。中国饮食文化，15(1)，35-77。
(2024)。近代台湾鳗鱼的养殖变迁与消费文化。中国饮食文化，20(2)，55-98。

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