四肢發達頭腦卻不簡單－運動員與認知神經功能之研究回顧與展望

王駿濠; 蔡佳良

doi:10.3966/102472972017065002001

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P119 - 136

社会科学 > 体育学

DOI： 10.6222/pej

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四肢发达头脑却不简单－运动员与认知神经功能之研究回顾与展望

Well-developed limbs and bright brain: A review and prospect of athletes and neurocognitive functioning

王骏濠(Chun-Hao Wang) ；蔡佳良(Chia-Liang Tsai)

体育学报； 50 卷 2 期 (2017 / 06 / 01) ， P119 - 136

繁体中文 DOI： 10.3966/102472972017065002001

认知神经科学；运动训练；认知功能；认知训练；有氧适能； cognitive neuroscience ； sport science ； cognitive function ； cognitive training ； aerobic fitness

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (82) │ 被引用文献 (5) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

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Introduction: The focus of competitive sports is nothing more than the superior athletic skills and physical performance. However, how can athletes precisely control their body to achieve their expert performance? To further address this issue, there has thus been increasing research devoting to explore the neurocognitive mechanisms that support sporting success. Despite that a great deal of evidence has shown that athletes can outperform non-athletic controls on a variety of cognitive tasks involving attention, working memory or decision-making, current findings are still inconclusive. This is probably due to the differences in task design (e.g., the expert performance approach and the component skills approach) across research and some important factors (e.g., physical fitness or physical activity) that haven't been considered in previous investigations. Accordingly, there is a need to further discuss this issue. Methods: In this narrative review, we scrutinize the recent empirical research regarding athletes and their superior cognitive and brain functions. We firstly summarize research findings at both behavioral and neural levels and integrate the results from different experimental designs. Second, we discuss the potential influences of physical-exercise-related factors (e.g., aerobic fitness and physical activity level) on the association between athletes and cognitive functions. Third, based on the findings of current literatures, we propose research and practical suggestions for future research and training works. Results: In general, data from most studies suggested that athletes can show superiority in both sport-specific decision-making and fundamental cognitive functioning. Besides, the neuroimaging data revealed that athletes, as compared to nonathletic controls, showed less brain activity when performing sport-specific tasks, while they were able to effectively allocate greater activity during fundamental cognitive tasks. These research findings may reflect the neural efficiency in sport-specific decision-making and higher neural effectiveness in fundamental cognitive processing, respectively. The relationship between the two experimental designs, however, has thus far remained unclear. It is therefore warranted for future investigations to examine the relation of sporting decision-making to fundamental cognitions, which may help better understand the transferring effect of athletic training to fundamental cognitions. In addition, the physical-exercise-related factors may be potential causes that affect cognitive functions in athletes because a great number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of physical fitness or physical activity on fundamental cognitive functions. That is, future studies should try to control the potential confounding effect of physical-exercise-related factors on the cognitive functioning in athletes. Conclusion: Taken together, the present article further discuss the complex relationship between athletes and cognitions, and the suggestions for future research and athletic training are proposed. In terms of research implications, we suggest that future studies should include physical-exercise-related factors, both fundamental and sport-specific task designs, and longitudinal approaches. On the other hand, for the practical implications, we propose that the athletic training, in particular for a sport requiring complex cognitive skills, could include sport-related cognitive components or employ a computerized cognitive training to directly improve a specific cognitive function that is important in a sport (e.g., temporal preparation in tennis). Importantly, given the relationship between cognitive functions and athletic performance, it is worth using cognitive tests for a talent selection in sports.

参考文献 ( 82 ) 〈TOP〉

王骏濠、蔡佳良(2014)。脑电刺激在运动与认知神经科学之应用。台湾运动心理学报，14，1-13。
连结：
洪巧菱、陈衣帆、黄崇儒、张育恺、洪聪敏(2014)。射击准备期的大脑活动：射击与动作需求之比较。体育学报，14，195-204。
连结：
张育恺、吴聪义(2011)。急性健身运动对认知功能的影响事件相关电位的文献回顾。体育学报，44，1-28。
连结：
张育恺、祝坚恒、王俊智、杨高腾(2013)。以磁共振造影观点探讨身体活动与神经认知老化之关联。教育心理学报，45，83-102。
连结：
张武业、施俊名、王骏濠、阮启弘(2013)。优秀足球运动员动作控制能力的特性─有氧运动能力的重要性。大专体育学刊，15，40-53。
连结：

被引用文献 ( 5 ) 〈TOP〉

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