以集群分析探討樂悲觀雙向度模式與心理適應之關係

趙素儀; 陳坤虎

doi:10.3966/172851862020050058003

山西大学，您好！

感谢采购，人社期刊库｜人社论文库，期间：2024/01/01~2024/12/31

感谢试用，科学期刊库｜科学论文库，期间：2024/10/20~2025/01/20

浏览高级检索

关闭
检索检索高级检索出版物检索
浏览期刊主题浏览核心期刊浏览期刊拼音浏览

关闭

查询符号(半角)	查询符号意义说明
空格	表示为「AND」两个查询词之交集
双引号 ( " " )	片语以双引号标示开始及结束，而且只寻找出现顺序相同的字词，例： " image process "
?	表示一个字母切截，输入两个?表两个字母，依此类推，例：输入「Appl?」，查得结果应为appl e , appl y … ( 常用于英文字查询 )
*	表示不限字母切截，由0~n. 例：输入「appl*」，查得结果应为appl e , appl es , appl y , appl ied , appl ication … ( 常用于英文字查询 )
AND、OR、NOT	布尔逻辑组合关键字，用来扩大或缩小查询范围的技巧。 (1) AND ：缩小查询范围 (2) OR ：扩大查询范围(3) NOT：排除不相关的范围

DOI 是数位物件识别码（ D igital O bject I dentifier ）的简称，
为物件在网路上的唯一识别码，可用于永久连结并引用目标物件。

使用DOI作为永久连结

每个DOI号前面加上「 http://dx.doi.org/ 」便成为永久网址。
如以DOI号为 10.5297/ser.1201.002 的文献为例，此文献的永久连结便是： http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5297/ser.1201.002 。
日后不论出版单位如何更动此文献位置，永久连结所指向的位置皆会即时更新，不再错失重要的研究。

引用含有DOI的文献

有DOI的文献在引用时皆应同时引用DOI。若使用APA、Chicago以外未规范DOI的引用格式，可引用DOI永久连结。

DOI可强化引用精确性、增强学术圈连结，并给予使用者跨平台的良好使用经验，目前在全世界已有超过五千万个对象申请DOI。如想对DOI的使用与概念有进一步了解，请参考（）。

ACI:

数据来源：Academic Citation Index，简称ACI

台湾最大的引用文献资料库，目前收录台湾与港澳地区所出版的人文学、社会学领域学术期刊之书目资料与参考文献，总期刊量超过690种，每年定期公布收录期刊的影响指数(Impact Factor)等指标给大众，并提供专家学者与学术单位实用的计量与分析功能。

五年影响指数（5-Year Impact Factor）：某一期刊前五年所出版的文章在当年度的平均被引用次数。

公式：（前五年发表论文在统计年的被引用次数）÷（前五年论文产出论文总篇数）

例如：A期刊2017年之五年影响指数

(A期刊2012-2016年发表论文在2017年的被引总次数)/(A期刊2012-2016年发表的论文总数)

什么是预刊文章？

为提供读者最前线之学术资讯，于期刊文献获同意刊登后、纸本印制完成前，率先于网路线上发表之文章即为预刊文章。预刊文章尚未有卷期、页次及出版日期资讯，但可藉由DOI号识别。 DOI号是文献的数位身份证字号，不论预刊或正式出版皆不会改变，读者可点击DOI连结，或于DOI号前面加上「 http://dx.doi.org/ 」连结到文献目前最新版本。

如何引用预刊文章？

请使用预刊文章的线上发表日期及DOI号来引用该篇文献。

引用范例(视不同引文格式规范可能有所差异)：

作者姓名。文章篇名。期刊名称。 YYYY/MM/DD线上预先发表。

doi:DOI 号

来源数据

P85 - 125

社会科学 > 心理学
社会科学 > 教育学

DOI： 10.7082/CJGC

书目管理工具

相关连结

问题回报

全文下载

以集群分析探讨乐悲观双向度模式与心理适应之关系

Using Cluster analysis to Explore the Relation Between Dual-Axis Model of Optimism/Pessimism and Mental Adjustment

赵素仪(Su-Yi Chao) ；陈坤虎(Kun-Hu Chen)

中华辅导与谘商学报； 58 期 (2020 / 05 / 01) ， P85 - 125

繁体中文 DOI： 10.3966/172851862020050058003

心理适应；因应行为；集群分析；预期信念；乐悲观； Behavioral coping ； cluster analysis ； expectancy ； mental adjustment ； optimism/pessimism

0 个人觉得这篇文章赞

摘要 │ 参考文献 (64) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

并列摘要〈TOP〉

Optimism is a crucial feature in Positive Psychology. Optimistic individuals expect good things to happen. In contrast, pessimistic individuals expect bad things to happen. Optimists and pessimists differ in many ways that have varying degrees of impact on their mental adjustment. In the past studies, optimistic and pessimism were regarded as the two extremes of continuous dimension. Researchers critiqued Scheier and Carver's (1985) theory of optimistic orientations overemphasized individuals' positive expectancy, neglected adaptive behaviors or damaging behaviors that extend beyond the expected beliefs (Norem & Chang, 2002). In other words, Scheier and Carver (1985) ignored mutual influences between beliefs and behaviors, as well as underestimated the possibility of various outcome behaviors. Accordingly, researchers used a variety of statistical methods to prove that optimism and pessimism should be regarded as two dimensions (Kubzansky, Kubzansky, & Maselko, 2004; Mehrabian & Ljunggren, 1997). Furthermore, Chou and Chen (2017) addressed that different combinations of expectations and coping would demonstrate different functions in mental adjustment. They adopted ＂positive/ negative expectations＂ as well as ＂engagement /disengagement＂ as two dimensions based on the variable-centered approach to distinguish optimism/pessimism to ＂functional optimism＂, ＂dysfunctional optimism＂, ＂functional pessimism＂ and ＂dysfunctional pessimism＂ Furthermore, Chou and Chen (2017) found that each type of optimism /pessimism played different roles in metal adjustment. For examples, functional optimism and dysfunctional optimism positively predicted to satisfaction of life, functional pessimism negatively predicted to satisfaction of life. Functional pessimism was the best predictor to depressed and anxious symptoms. Dysfunctional optimism was the best predictor to procrastination. However, Asendorpf (2014) critiqued the paradigms of optimism studies that have generally adopted the variable-centered approach (Asendorpf, 2014); for example, Asendorpf (2014) addressed that the variable-centered approach might easily neglect the uniqueness of each individual, whereas the person-centered approach could produce trait clusters that meet ecological validity and demonstrate the behavioral characteristics related to an individual's psychological features. Thus, the study proposed while understanding the characteristics of optimistic and pessimistic traits, researchers should involve expectancy beliefs and behavioral coping as well as adopt the person-centered approach. Accordingly, the study established a scale that reflects positive and negative value of expectancy beliefs and behavioral coping, as well as further explores the differences in their mental adjustment. Study 1 sampled a total of 169 college students (female=40.8=%, male=59.2%) and conducted item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, criterion-related validity to examine the reliability and validity of ＂Dual-Axis Model of Optimism/Pessimism Scale-I, DAMOPS-I.＂ The results showed that four subscales of DAMOPS-I have good reliability and validity. Study 2 enlarged the sample variability, the sample size and rewriting some contents of items, which involving a total of 639 college students (female = 54.9%, male = 44.8%). As Study 1, Study 2 conducted item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, criterion-related validity to examine the reliability and validity of ＂Dual-Axis Model of Optimism/ Pessimism Scale-II, DAMOPS-II. ＂ The result indicated that the four subscales of DAMOPS-II have good reliability and validity. Furthermore, Study 2 adopted cluster analysis based on two dimensions (i.e., positive/ negative expectancy and positive/negative coping behaviors) to distinguish five clusters, namely Functional Optimism, Medium Optimism, Medium Pessimism, Dysfunctional Pessimism, and Self-Handicapping. The results of Study 2 showed five types of optimism/pessimism have different levels of mental adjustment. Both of ＂Functional Optimism＂ and ＂Medium Optimism＂ had a great mental adjustment outcome. ＂Medium Pessimism＂ showed the greatest outcome within three pessimistic clusters. ＂Dysfunctional Pessimism＂ showed heightened vulnerability to mental adjustment (e.g., higher levels of depressed and anxious symptoms, lower level of life satisfaction). ＂Self-Handicapping＂ demonstrated a highest tendency to procrastinate in five clusters.

参考文献 ( 64 ) 〈TOP〉

周芸安, Y. A.,陈坤虎, K. H.(2017)。系统性乐悲观之建构及其在心理适应之功能。中华辅导与谘商学报，49，113-146。
连结：
林以正, Y. C.,黄金兰, C. L.,李怡真, Y. C.(2011)。进退之间的拿捏：忍的情境变异性与心理适应。本土心理学研究，35，57-100。
连结：
Asendorpf, J. B.(2015).Person-oriented approaches within multi-level perspective.Journal of Person-Oriented Research,1(1-2),48-55.
Asendorpf, J. B.(2014).Person-centered approaches to personality.Handbook of personality and social psychology. Vol. 4: Personality processes and individual differences,Washington, DC:
Aspinwall, L. G.,Taylor, S. E.(1992).Modeling cognitive adaptation: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,63(6),989-1003.

国际计量

〈TOP〉

E-mail ：

文章公开取用时，将寄通知信至您填写的信箱地址