中間樓層隔震建築之耐震行為分析與試驗研究

汪向榮

doi:10.6342/NTU.2010.00704

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中间楼层隔震建筑之耐震行为分析与试验研究

Analytical and Experimental Studies on Seismic Behavior of Mid-Story Isolated Buildings

汪向荣 , 博士　　导师：张国镇　　

英文 DOI： 10.6342/NTU.2010.00704

中间楼层隔震；高模态；模态耦合；等效线性系统；等效静力分析；反应谱动力分析； mid-story seismic isolation ； higher mode ； modal coupling ； equivalent linear system ； equivalent lateral force procedure ； response spectrum analysis

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摘要 │ 被引用文献 (1) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

近年来隔震技术发展逐渐成熟，因应经济与施工条件、建物特性、都市人口集中以及土地取得不易等因素，除了基础隔震建筑物的蓬勃发展外，中间楼层隔震建筑物之实务案例亦与日俱增。所谓中间楼层隔震建筑物即是将隔震层设置於基础以上之楼层，国内最常见之中间层隔震设计是将隔震层设置於一楼顶。然而，中间楼层隔震建筑物可能因下部结构的存在而造成对於隔震设计非预期之影响，因此，本文利用一简化三自由度结构模型模拟一中间楼层隔震建筑物，三个自由度之堆叠质量分别代表中间楼层隔震建筑物之上部结构、隔震层以及下部结构，隔震系统之迟滞行为以一等效线性系统模拟，针对此一简化三自由度结构模型之动力特性以及耐震行为进行深入探讨。由参数分析结果可发现，中间楼层隔震建筑物下部与上部结构之劲度与质量对於等效隔震周期以及隔震系统等效阻尼比的发挥有相当大之影响，尤以下部结构之结构特性对於整体隔震效益之发挥影响最为严重。此外，由反应谱分析结果可发现，高模态反应对於下部结构层间剪力之影响不容忽视。

由於中间楼层隔震建筑物存在一下部结构，因此高模态反应对於上部结构与隔震层之影响亦不可忽略，尤其在高模态发生耦合的情况下。经由等效线性分析以及振动台试验研究结果可发现，高模态耦合会造成隔震层之加速度反应急遽放大。因此，本文提出一简易分析方法可防止中间楼层隔震设计发生高模态耦合的问题，如此将可避免下部与上部结构因不当设计而造成高模态耦合的情况发生。

同时，本文针对基础隔震与中间层隔震结构模型进行振动台试验研究，试验结果显示中间层隔震设计可发挥良好之隔震效益。然而，由於其第一模态参与质量明显小於基础隔震结构，因此，在中间层隔震结构之试验结果中可明显看到高模态的反应。此外，当隔震层设置於较高楼层时，隔震系统会有较大之变形反应，且上部与下部结构之位移与受力反应会存在一超过90度之相位差。由试验结果亦可得知，上部结构之惯性力与层间剪力主要仍为第一模态反应，但是下部结构之惯性力与层间剪力则主要由高模态反应控制，因此，未来在中间楼层隔震设计中必须合理地考虑高模态效应。

藉由数值分析与试验研究结果，本文探讨若将目前耐震设计规范中适用於基础隔震设计之等效线性静力分析程序，应用於中间楼层隔震设计之诸多不合理且不合宜之处。在考虑上部与下部结构特性对於整体阻尼比之影响，隔震系统之等效阻尼比应被更为准确且保守地估计。此外，对於中间楼层隔震系统之位移需求，应考虑上部与下部结构产生相位差之最保守设计，对此仍须进行後续更深入的研究。经由数值分析可发现，在适当且保守地考虑隔震系统之等效周期（或等效劲度）与等效阻尼比下，考虑足够模态数之反应谱动力分析可作为中间楼层隔震建筑物之初步设计方法。

并列摘要〈TOP〉

The mid-story isolation design method is recently gaining popularity for the seismic protective design of buildings located in the areas of high population. In a mid-story isolated building, the isolation system is incorporated into the mid-story rather than the base of the building. In this dissertation, the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of mid-story isolated buildings are investigated using a simplified three-lumped-mass structural model for which equivalent linear properties are formulated. From the parametric study, it is found that the nominal frequencies of the superstructure and the substructure respectively above and below the isolation system have significant influences on the isolation frequency and equivalent damping ratio of a mid-story isolated building. Moreover, the mass and stiffness of the substructure are of greater significance than the superstructure in affecting the dynamic characteristics of the isolated building. Besides, based on the response spectrum analysis, it is noted that the higher mode responses may contribute significantly to the story shear force of the substructure.

Due to the existence of the substructure in a mid-story isolated building, the higher mode contribution to the isolated structure may not be negligible especially when the coupling of higher modes occurs. Through the equivalent linear analysis and shaking table tests, the adverse effect arising from the coupling of higher modes on the seismic responses of a mid-story isolated building is clarified. It is found that the coupling of higher modes may lead to the enlarged acceleration responses at the super-floor of the simplified structural model. In order to achieve the better seismic performance and functionality for the isolated structure and equipment inside, a simple method to guarantee the mid-story isolation design against the coupling of higher modes attributed to the improper design of the substructure and superstructure is presented.

The structural models with their isolation system located at the base and other stories are fabricated and tested to investigate the discrepancies between the seismic responses of base-isolated and mid-story isolated buildings. The test results indicate that the mid-story isolation design reveals the excellent seismic performance. However, there exist evident higher mode responses at the substructure and superstructure due to the significant higher modal participation mass ratios. Furthermore, the maximum deformation response of the isolation system is increased when the isolation system is installed at a higher story. Besides, there exists a phase lag of larger than 90 degrees between the seismic responses at the superstructure and substructure. Based on the test results, it is concluded that the peak inertia force and shear force responses acting at the superstructure are mainly attributed to the fundamental mode response. The contribution of the higher mode responses to the peak inertia force and shear force responses acting at the substructure is significant such that the design of the substructure should carefully consider the higher mode contribution.

The irrationalities of adopting the conventional equivalent lateral force procedure for the mid-story isolation design are discussed in this dissertation. The equivalent damping ratio contributed by isolation bearings should be conservatively predicted by the proposed method rather than the component damping ratio of the isolation system. The most rigorous situation for the displacement demand of the isolation system should be carefully considered and will be further studied. In addition, through the numerical studies, it can be seen that the modal response spectrum analysis including a sufficient number of modes is applicable for the preliminary design of mid-story isolated buildings if the effective period (or effective stiffness) and equivalent damping ratio contributed by isolation bearings can be appropriately and conservatively determined form an equivalent linear structural model.

被引用文献 (1) 〈TOP〉

刘郁芳(2018)。半主动自体调谐质量阻尼系统耐震行为与试验研究。国立台湾大学土木工程学系学位论文。2018。1-170。

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