老年人肥胖與憂鬱情緒相關性之探討：國家的多層次分析

許舒婷

doi:10.6342/NTU201602618

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老年人肥胖与忧郁情绪相关性之探讨：国家的多层次分析

The Association between Obesity and Depressed Mood in the Elderly across Countries: A Multilevel Approach

许舒婷 , 硕士　　导师：陈端容　　共同指导教授：陈雅美

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6342/NTU201602618

老年人；肥胖；忧郁；国家；多阶层线性模式； elderly ； obesity ； depression ； country ； hierarchical linear models

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (67) │ 国际计量

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Background: As the global aging population continues to grow, the prevalence of obesity and depression in elders are also increasing. The relationship between obesity and depression are controversial. In 1976, scholars have proposed "Jolly Fat" hypothesis which found obese elderly to have lower levels of depression, anxiety, and other psychological distress. Many studies across different countries have shown support for gender differences in "Jolly Fat". However, further research is needed to explore whether the “Jolly Fat” phenomenon in elders still exist. 
Objective: To investigate the effect of overweight or obesity on depressed mood in elders, and whether there is a difference in gender and race. 
Methods: Data was analyzed from 2011 International Social Survey Program (ISSP) on health module with total of 9,694 subjects aged 65 or above, including 31 countries across America, Europe, and Asia. Hierarchical Linear Models were conducted to determine the association between obesity and depressed mood on individual- and country-level. The country-level variables were human development index and the prevalence of obesity.
Results: Obese elderly have a higher level of depressed mood across countries as compared to normal weight elderly. In terms of gender differences, underweight men and obese women have a higher level of depressed mood as compared to normal weight counterparts. Only overweight male have a lower level of depressed mood as compared to normal weight counterparts. However, underweight elderly, especially females who lived in countries with high prevalence of obesity, presented a higher level of depressed mood.
Conclusions: "Jolly Fat" phenomenon only occurred in overweight male elderly. 
Obese elderly, underweight men, and obese women have a higher level of depressed mood. The association between underweight and depressed mood in the elderly was affected by the prevalence of obesity, resulting in cross-level interaction. Health-related departments should pay attention not only to obese, but also to underweight elderly.
Keywords: elderly, obesity, depression, country, hierarchical linear models

参考文献 ( 67 ) 〈TOP〉

Almeida, O. P., Draper, B., Pirkis, J., Snowdon, J., Lautenschlager, N. T., Byrne, G., . . . Flicker, L. (2012). Anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression: risk factors and outcome over two years. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(10), 1622-1632.
连结：
Almeida, O. P., & Pfaff, J. J. (2005). Depression and smoking amongst older general practice patients. Journal of affective disorders, 86(2), 317-321.
连结：
Bales, C. W., & Ritchie, C. S. (2002). Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly*. Annual review of nutrition, 22(1), 309-323.
连结：
Barry, L. C., Allore, H. G., Guo, Z., Bruce, M. L., & Gill, T. M. (2008). Higher burden of depression among older women: the effect of onset, persistence, and mortality over time. Archives of general psychiatry, 65(2), 172-178.
连结：
Benassi, V. A., Sweeney, P. D., & Dufour, C. L. (1988). Is there a relation between locus of control orientation and depression? Journal of abnormal psychology, 97(3), 357.
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引用含有DOI的文献

DOI可强化引用精确性、增强学术圈连结，并给予使用者跨平台的良好使用经验，目前在全世界已有超过五千万个对象申请DOI。 如想对DOI的使用与概念有进一步了解，请参考 （ ） 。

DOI可强化引用精确性、增强学术圈连结，并给予使用者跨平台的良好使用经验，目前在全世界已有超过五千万个对象申请DOI。如想对DOI的使用与概念有进一步了解，请参考（）。