國際生鮮蘋果貿易非關稅障礙之估計——隨機邊界引力模型之應用

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doi:10.6342/NTU201602799

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国际生鲜苹果贸易非关税障碍之估计——随机边界引力模型之应用

Estimating Non-Tariff Barriers on International Fresh Apple Trade: An Application of Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model

谢成聪 , 硕士　　导师：张静贞　　

英文 DOI： 10.6342/NTU201602799

农产品贸易；生鲜苹果；非关税障碍；随机边界引力模型；贸易效率； Agricultural trade ； fresh apple ； non-tariff barriers ； stochastic frontier gravity model ； trade efficiency

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (39) │ 国际计量

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This thesis evaluates the impact of non-tariff barriers on the trade of fresh apples using a stochastic frontier specification of the gravity model. The empirical analysis is based on the transactions between twenty major fresh apple trading countries during the period 2001 to 2013. The estimation results suggest that trade flows of fresh apple are mainly affected by total productions of exporter countries, GDP per capita of importer countries, populations in importer countries, and signing status of FTAs.
The stochastic frontier gravity model allows us to identify the efficiency of fresh apple trades of each country. The value of trade efficiency determines the deviation of actual trade from the frontier estimated. The average export and import efficiency of fresh apples are 9.27% and 8.80%, respectively, which are considered to be ineffective. This result suggests that non-tariff barriers are taken an important role in trade restrictions of fresh apple. Furthermore, average values of export and import efficiency of fresh apples for developed countries are 10.72% and 9.45%, respectively. But developing countries only contain 6.57% of export efficiency and 7.59% of import efficiency. This indicates that the impact of non-tariff barriers on developing countries is greater than on developed countries.
In addition, fresh apple trade of each country has suffered varying extent of influence from non-tariff barriers. For example, the average import efficiency of United Arab Emirates is 23.83% but it’s only 0.18% in Argentina. This may due to the measurement criterions of non-tariff barriers are different among each country. Thus for sustainable development in agricultural trade, further integration and developing uniform standards for non-tariff barriers should be considered.

参考文献 ( 39 ) 〈TOP〉

Ardakani, Z., S. Yazdani, and O. Gilanpour, 2009. “Studying the Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers on the Export of the Main Agricultural Products of Iran,” American Journal of Applied Sciences. 6(7): 1321-1326.
连结：
Battese, George E. and Tim J. Coelli, 1995. “A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data,” Empirical Economics. 20(2): 325-332.
连结：
Bhattacharya, Swapan K. and Gouranga G. Das, 2014. “Can South–South Trade Agreements Reduce Development Deficits? An Exploration of SAARC during 1995–2008,” Journal of South Asian Development. 9(3): 253-285.
连结：
Chang, Jin-Wen, Huang-Ping Yen, and Rhung-Jieh Woo, 2011. “Assessment on the Influence of ASEAN Plus One to East Asia Countries’ Trade Efficiency,” Agriculture and Economics. 46: 103-138.
连结：
Chen, I-Chun and Kuo-I Chang, 2014. “Assessing the Impact of Maximum Residual Level of Pesticide on International Trade: Sensitive Analysis of Different Pesticides,” Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 63(4): 235-245.
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引用含有DOI的文献

DOI可强化引用精确性、增强学术圈连结，并给予使用者跨平台的良好使用经验，目前在全世界已有超过五千万个对象申请DOI。 如想对DOI的使用与概念有进一步了解，请参考 （ ） 。

DOI可强化引用精确性、增强学术圈连结，并给予使用者跨平台的良好使用经验，目前在全世界已有超过五千万个对象申请DOI。如想对DOI的使用与概念有进一步了解，请参考（）。