台北都會區細懸浮微粒結合多環芳香烴的空間分佈與污染源解析

蔡慈庭

doi:10.6342/NTU201703742

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台北都会区细悬浮微粒结合多环芳香烃的空间分布与污染源解析

Spatial Distribution and Source Apportionment of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Taipei metropolis

蔡慈庭 , 硕士　　导师：吴章甫　　

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6342/NTU201703742

多环芳香烃；细悬浮微粒；热脱附；气相层析质谱仪；化学质量平衡受体模式； polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ； PM2.5 ； thermal desorption ； GC/MS ； CMB receptor modeling.

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (40) │ 国际计量

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Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may cause adverse health effects (e.g., lung cancer, DNA damage, reproductive toxicology and the child developmental effects), especially in fine particulate phase. The objectives of this study were using 24-hour continuous sampling results to (1) quantify PAHs concentration levels in PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm) at various heights, (2) estimate the potential health risks associated with inhalation exposure, and (3) evaluate the contributions of compositions from emission sources in Taipei metropolis. The sampling campaigns were conducted at five buildings in Taipei metropolis from June 14 in 2016 to May 4 in 2017. Each set of sampling sites (low-, mid-, and high-level floors) was monitored simultaneously. A total of 31 PAHs were identified and quantified by an optimized analytical method of thermal desorption (TD) integrated to a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Finally, Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was used for the source apportionments of pollutants.
The average concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAHs (except Nap) were 1.123 ± 0.869 (ranged from 0.231 to 5.551) ng/m3. The predominant PAHs were Benzo[b]fluoranthene group and Benzo[ghi]perylene, constituting 19.73% and 11.78% of the total PAH contents. The average benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent toxicity (ΣBaPeq) was 0.075 ± 0.068 ng/m3, lower than the maximum permissible risk level of 1 ng/m3 (WHO). Moreover, both the average concentrations and ΣBaPeq values showed a decreased gradient from low-floor to high-floor. 
With regard to the results of source contributions, the major source was dominated by vehicle emission sources, accounting for 54.5%, followed by incense-burning activities (13.30%), road dust (12.94%), industrial activities (10.92%) and cooking (8.26%). About the vertical trend, the average source contributions from gasoline-powered vehicle exhaust, diesel-powered vehicle exhaust, brake lining particle and road dust decreased with heights. The incense burning and industrial activities did not show the difference by heights. However, the source of cooking reveled the trend which was influenced by the sampling environments.
The results served to better define the trend of PM2.5 bound PAH and its source contributions in Taipei metropolis for developing a more effective policies to protect public health.

参考文献 ( 40 ) 〈TOP〉

Perera FP, Tang D, Wang S, Vishnevetsky J, Zhang B, Diaz D, et al. 2012. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) exposure and child behavior at age 6-7 years. Environ Health Perspect 120:921-926.
连结：
Perrone MG, Carbone C, Faedo D, Ferrero L, Maggioni A, Sangiorgi G, et al. 2014. Exhaust emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes and phenols from vehicles coming within different european classes. Atmospheric Environment 82:391-400.
连结：
Pierce RC, Katz M. 1975. Dependency of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content on size distribution of atmospheric aerosols. Environmental Science & Technology 9.4:347-353.
连结：
Pistikopoulos P, P., Masclet aGM. 1990. A receptor model adapted to reactive species: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; evaluation of source contributions in an open urban site—i. Particle compounds.
连结：
Pitts JN, Jr., Van Cauwenberghe KA, Grosjean D, Schmid JP, Fitz DR, Belser WL, et al. 1978. Atmospheric reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Facile formation of mutagenic nitro derivatives. Science 202:515-519.
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