紅鶴頂蘭遠緣雜交及花梗培養

蔡雅竹

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红鹤顶兰远缘杂交及花梗培养

Outbreeding cross and the flower stem culture of Phaius tankervilleae

蔡雅竹 , 硕士　　导师：张正　　

繁体中文

红鹤顶兰；远缘杂交；花梗培养； Phaius tankervilleae ； outbreeding ； flower stem culture

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (170) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

红鹤顶兰(Phaius tankervilleae)为台湾原生地生兰，花茎长，花数多达10-20朵花，花被外侧白色，内侧紫红色。为建立红鹤顶兰的花梗培养方法，以红鹤顶兰花梗之顶端花芽、花芽及花梗营养芽做为初代培养之培植体，小於5 cm的花梗在花梗顶芽有最高芽体形成率为66.7%。10-15 cm的花梗在花芽及花梗营养芽的芽体形成率最高，分别为7.1%及10.9%。将源自於红鹤顶兰花梗花芽及源自花梗营养芽的培植体在增殖後每个月可增生1.3-1.9倍的芽体，移入发根培养基2个月後移植出瓶，以花梗花芽为培植体的小苗最高可得1条根，叶最长为2.9 cm。小苗在移至温室栽培两个月後，以源自花梗花芽为培植体之小苗株高最高为3.5 cm，存活率最高为87.5%。
    本研究收集红鹤顶兰近缘属包含竹叶兰属(Arundina)、白及属(Bletilla)、根节兰属(Calanthe)、蕙兰属(Cymbidium)、苞舌兰属(Spathoglottis)及两种人工杂交属：囊唇鹤顶兰属(Gastrophaius)及根节鹤顶兰属(Phaiocalanthe)进行染色体数、花粉体内外发芽及杂交试验。红鹤顶兰的染色体数为2n= ca. 46，其近缘属的染色体数大部分在2n= 40 左右，红鹤顶兰花粉体外培养在蔗糖浓度10%的BK培养基，於25℃下培养生长较佳，培养十天後发芽率可至24.2%。
红鹤顶兰杂交之蒴果大部分在授粉後4至6周发育渐缓，透过植体内花粉管观察可知以红鹤顶兰为父本时，花粉管生长良好，然而，花粉体外发芽率与杂交亲合性并无一定的关连性，但花粉活力低、花粉生长受抑制或母本发育不全会导致红鹤顶兰远缘杂交之组合无法结实。
    红鹤顶兰远缘杂交共计有11种组合与9种异属植物杂交後可得杂交後代，当红鹤顶兰为母本时，可与Cal. discolor、黄根节兰、三板根节兰及Cym. Golden Rush x Cym. Golden Birds杂交後获得子代，杂交成功的比例的占44.4%，当红鹤顶兰为父本时，与兰屿白及、Cal. discolor、玉花四季兰、Gastrophaius Queen Margrethe、紫苞舌兰、Spa. plicata form. alba、Spa. plicata form. pink杂交也已获得杂交後代，将紫苞舌兰、Spa. plicata form. alba、Spa. plicata form. pink视为同种时，以红鹤顶兰为父本杂交成功的比例占55.5%。

并列摘要〈TOP〉

Phaius tankervilleae is a terrestrial orchid native in Taiwan. Each plant has long flower stem with 10- 20 flowers. The petals are white on the outside and purple-red on the inside. To estabilish the flower stem culture propagation system of Phaius tankervilleae, three kind of explants including apical flower buds, flower buds and vegetative buds in flower stem were used in the research. The flower stems which were lower than 5 cm had the highest shoot formation percentage of 66.7% in apical flower buds. The highest shoot formation in flower buds and vegetative buds were 7.1% and 10.9% in flower stem length of 10-15 cm. Flower buds and vegetative bud were used in proliferation experiment. These explants had 1.3-1.9 times of shoot formation percentage every month. After proliferation, the explants transferred to rooting medium after 2 months. When using flower bud as the explants, the plantlet had 1 root and the longest leaf was 2.9 cm high. After 2 months planting in greenhouse, the plantlets of the explants from flower bud had the highest plant height of 3.5 cm, the highest survival rate of 87.5%. 
    This experiments were tested the intergeneric cross of Phaius tankervilleae with Arundina, Bletilla, Calanthe, Cymbidium, Spathoglottis, Phaiocalanthe and Gastrophaius. We also investigated the chromosome numbers and pollen germination in vitro and in vivo of Phaius tankervilleae and its allied genera. The chromosome numbers of Phaius tankervilleae were 2n= ca. 46, and the chromosome numbers of its allied genera were about 2n= 40. Pollen germination of Phaius tankervilleae grew the best when the pollen were culture in BK medium contain 10% sucrose and under 25℃.The germination percentage was up to 24.2% after cultured 10 days.The width of hybrid capsules became slow at the 4th to 6th weeks after pollination. Through pollen tube growth in vivo, when Phaius tankervilleae acted as male parent, the pollen tube grew well. But pollen germination in vitro didn’t present the compatibility of cross. Hybridization could not succeed probably because the low pollen viability, retardant of pollen growth and uncompleted development of mother parent.
    11 cross combinations had obtained germinated seed when Phaius tankervilleae hybrid with 9 species of its allied genera. Hybridization achieved succeed of 44.4% success when Phaius tankervilleae acted as female parent. Phaius tankervilleae could cross with Cal. discolor, Cal.sieboldii, Cal.tricarinata and Cym. Golden Rush x Cym. Golden Birds. Hybridization achieved 55.5% success when Phaius tankervilleae acted as male parent. Phaius tankervilleae could cross with Ble. formosana form. kotoensis, Cal. discolor, Cym. ensifolium ‘ Yuh Hwa’, Gastrophaius Queen Margrethe, Spa. plicata, Spa. plicata form. alba and Spa. plicata form. pink.

参考文献 ( 170 ) 〈TOP〉

张正、简婉婷. 2010. 红鹤顶兰庭园栽培之生长评估. 植物种苗 12：13-22.
连结：
张珩. 2006. 菜豆黄化嵌纹病毒鹤顶兰分离株之特性分析与感染性选殖株之构筑. 国立台湾大学植物病理与微生物学系硕士论文.
连结：
陈培桂. 1963. 台湾银行经济研究室编辑. 台湾银行. 台北.
连结：
Baiswar, P., S. Chandra, R. Kumar, S. V. Ngachan, and A. R. Roy. 2008. First report of Leaf Blight of Chinese ground orchid (Phaius tankervilleae) caused by Botrytis cinerea in India. Plant Dis. 92:1586.
连结：
Chanzy, H., J. L. Putaux, D. Dupeyre, R. Davies, M. Burghammer, S. Montanari, and C. Riekel. 2006. Morphological and structural aspects of the giant starch granules from Phajus grandifolius. J. Struct. Biol. 154: 100-110.
连结：

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引用含有DOI的文献

DOI可强化引用精确性、增强学术圈连结，并给予使用者跨平台的良好使用经验，目前在全世界已有超过五千万个对象申请DOI。 如想对DOI的使用与概念有进一步了解，请参考 （ ） 。

DOI可强化引用精确性、增强学术圈连结，并给予使用者跨平台的良好使用经验，目前在全世界已有超过五千万个对象申请DOI。如想对DOI的使用与概念有进一步了解，请参考（）。