從社會資本談社區型社會企業的發展與創新─以東片寶石村社會企業為例

梁易慈

doi:10.6346/NPUST202100235

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从社会资本谈社区型社会企业的发展与创新─以东片宝石村社会企业为例

Research on the development and innovation of community-based social enterprise from the perspective of social capital-A case study of Dongpian Baoshi Village social enterprise

梁易慈 , 硕士　　导师：王仕图　　

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6346/NPUST202100235

社会资本；社会企业；社区型社会企业； Social Capital ； Social Enterprises ； Community-based Social Enterprise

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (47) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

「社会企业」（Social Enterprise）概念的出现，不仅带来新形态的商业模式，也提供非营利组织和企业一个取得资源的新管道。社会企业的议题，更是在各国被热议的话题，尤其受不同国家人文、意识形态、社会等的影响，社会企业更以不同的组织型态存在着。虽然社会企业的概念众说纷纭，但就实务上来说，已有许多非营利组织或企业采用这模式来运作。
就社区来说，社会企业的模式出现，提供了社区发展不同的思维与方法。而社区的发展取决其资源的运用与取得，相关研究指出，若社区能结合社区的社会资本，即能发挥社区的特质、能力，来促进社区之永续发展。此外，从相关研究中可了解，社会资本与社区发展具高度相关，且透过对於社区社会资本的运用与了解，可以认识到社区不同的面向，可增加对社区的理解必制定有效发展的策略。另，社区发展更可藉由对社会资本的运用与取得，发展出社区的社会企业，即基於社区需求或社区之经济、社会之目标，成立之社区型社会气业，透过社区内原有的社会资本或产生新的社会资本，来发展社区产业，让社区能彼此共享资源与其带来之经济和社会效益。
因此本研究之目的是为了解一社区型社会企业的发展历程，以及其余发展过程中之困应与因应，并了解该社区型社会企业於其发展和推动创新服务的过程中，运用了那些社会资本。本研究以屏东县内的东片宝石村社会企业为研究对象，立意选取了八位从筹组到发展至今，持续参与的农场主，并采样本分析法针对蒐集之文本进行分析与诠释。
本研究发现，东片宝石村社会企业於其发展中，运用的社会资本有：组织之规范与制度、成员的共同理念、对社区与社会企业之使命与责任、组织影响力、与社区之互动关系、与社区建立之信任关系、多元的资源取得管道、以及社会网络。其中，组织的规范与制度包含：组织的干部改选制度、营收之提拨、以及与社区发展协会之分工；资源取得之管道则包括：成员个人资源之提供、与公部门合作、与教育单位合作、与其他组织合作以及社区产业之推广；社会网络部分则很分为：个人之社会网络、组织之社会网络两者。
而社会资本於东片宝石村社会企业之创新，包含：组织规范与制度、与社区之互动策略的创新、以及多元的资源取得管道。其中，资源取得之管道包括：科技技术的引进、跨域之合作、以及组织新产品的研发。
本研究针对目前东片宝石村社会企业之发展提出之建议可分为对组织本身以及公部门。对於东片宝石村社会企业所提出之建议包含：提升组织人力资本、建立与消费者的信任关系、运用社会网络之资源、以及组织运作模式之传承。对於公部门之相关建议，则有建立资讯交流平台和协助社会企业人力之培训。

并列摘要〈TOP〉

The emergence of the concept of social enterprise not only brings about a new business model but also provides non-profit organizations and enterprises with a new channel to obtain resources. The issue of social enterprise has become an important issue in many countries, especially as it is influenced by the humanities, ideology and society of different countries. Social enterprises exist in different organizational forms. Although there are different opinions on the concept of social enterprise, in practice, many non-profit organizations or enterprises have adopted this mode of operation.
As far as the community is concerned, the modes of social enterprise provide different thinking and methods for community development. The development of a community depends on the use and acquisition of its resources. Related research has pointed out that if a community can integrate its social capital, it can give full play to the characteristics and abilities of the community to promote its sustainable development. In addition, from the relevant research, we can understand that social capital is highly related to community development, and that through the use and understanding of community social capital, we can recognize the different aspects of the community, increase the understanding of the community, and formulate effective development strategies. On the other hand, community social enterprises can be developed through the use and acquisition of social capital, that is, a community-based social enterprise established based on the needs of the community or the economic and social goals of the community. Through the original social capital or the generation of new social capital in the community, community industries can be developed, and the community can share resources to bring economic and social benefits.
The purpose of this study was to understand the development process of a community-based social enterprise, as well as the difficulties and countermeasures in other development processes, as well as to understand the social capital used by community-based social enterprises in the development and promotion of innovative services. This study took the social enterprise of Dongpian Baoshi Village in Pingtung County as the research object and selected eight farmers who had been participating in the project from the organization to the development so far. The sample analysis method was employed to analyze and interpret the collected texts.
This study found that the social capital used in the development of social enterprises in Dongpian Baoshi Village included the norms and systems of the organization, the common ideas of the members, the mission and responsibility of the community and social enterprises, the influence of the organization, the interaction with the community, the trust relationship with the community, the multiple channels for obtaining resources, and the social network. Among them, the organization's norms and systems included the organization’s cadre re-election system, revenue allocation, and the division of labor in the community development associations. The channels for obtaining resources included the provision of personal resources from members, cooperation with public departments, cooperation with educational institutions, cooperation with other organizations, and promoting community industry. The social network was divided into two parts: the social network of individuals, and the social network of organizations.
The innovation of social capital in the social enterprises of Dongpian Baoshi Village included organizational norms and systems, the innovation of interactive strategies with the community, and multiple channels to obtain resources. Among them, the channels to obtain resources included the introduction of science and technology, cross-domain cooperation, and the organization of new product research and development.
The suggestions for the development of social enterprises in Dongpian Baoshi Village social enterprises could be divided into suggestions for the organization and suggestions for the public sector. Suggestions for social enterprises in Dongpian Baoshi Village included enhancing the human capital of the organization, establishing a trust relationship with consumers, using the resources of the social network, and inheriting the operation mode of the organization. Suggestions for the public sector included the establishment of information exchange platforms and assistance in social enterprise manpower training.

参考文献 ( 47 ) 〈TOP〉

王中天（2003）。社会资本（Social Capital）：概念、源起、及现况。问题与研究，42（5），139-163。
连结：
林金定、严嘉枫、陈美花（2005）。质性研究方法：访谈模式与实施步骤分析。身心障碍研究季刊，3（2），122-136。
连结：
林南（2007）。社会资本理论与研究简介。社会科学论丛，1（1），1-32。
连结：
黄源协、刘素珍、庄俐昕、林信廷（2010）。社区社会资本与社区发展关联性之研究。公共行政学报，34，29-75。
连结：
中华民国行政院（2013）。社会企业行动方案（106-105年）（核定本）。2020年7月6日取自https://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/RelFile/26/716149/8d8b6be7-0e21-4a37-9c72-871e28b325d2.pdf

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