Declaring Whales' Rights

宣告鯨權

10.6184/TKR.201206_42(2).0006

Paola Cavalieri

鯨魚 ； 生命權 ； 國際習慣法 ； 倫理 ； 文化 ； 種族滅絕 ； 自我意識 ； whales ； right to life ； customary international law ； ethics ； culture ； genocide ； self-consciousness

Tamkang Review

42卷2期（2012 / 06 / 01）

111 - 136

英文

二○一○年五月於赫爾辛基大學發起的《鯨權宣言》可說是將一段過程又帶回起點。這段過程起始於一九四六年國際捕鯨委員會的創立，一九八六年正式通過商業捕鯨禁令，至二○○五年時，國際捕鯨委員會正式決議譴責「科學捕鯨」，使得這段過程在當代全球反對獵殺鯨魚的聲浪中達至高峰。本文不擬從關於國際法令的相關爭論來處理鯨類生命權的議題，而是從近期對鯨類智能與文化的科學發現的角度，探求鯨類生命權的根基與含義。

In May 2010, at the University of Helsinki, a ”Declaration of Rights for Cetaceans” was issued. Such an event can be seen as bringing to full cycle a process which, prepared by the creation in 1946 of the International Whaling Commission, and passing through the adoption of a moratorium on ”commercial whaling” in 1986 and the IWC nonbinding resolution condemning ”scientific whaling” in 2005, has reached its peak in the contemporary worldwide opposition to the killing of whales. Against the background of a relevant argument in International law, and in the light of recent scientific discoveries on cetacean intelligences and cultures, this essay explores the grounds for, and the implications of, the attribution of a right to life to whales.

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