Plowing in the Bedroom, Braying at the Table: Competition and Control in the Tang Tale "Banqiao San niangzi"

房中耕作，桌邊驢鳴：〈板橋三娘子〉中的競爭與控制

10.6184/TKR201306-1

Carrie E. Reed

唐傳奇 ； 幻術耕作 ； 三娘子 ； 形變 ； 板橋三娘子 ； Tang tale ； chuanqi ； ass-tales ； man to animal transformation ； magical farming ； third lady ； Banqiao san niangzi

Tamkang Review

43卷2期（2013 / 06 / 01）

3 - 32

英文

唐傳奇〈板橋三娘子〉收錄於薛漁思所著之《河東記》。故事主角四處遊歷之際巧遇身懷幻術之女店主，該女以房中耕種的蕎麥製成燒餅供應下榻的房客，房客食用燒餅後皆變成驢。此種幻術不曾出現在任何其他的中國文學作品中。我推斷這個故事源自印度，並進而探索這則傳奇與其他外國文學中類似的故事之間的關係。本文提出對於傳奇的新讀法，將之與印度和阿拉伯版本相互對照，並據以主張這則傳奇的主旨是性別間的角力。此傳奇作者凸顯出人們對於惡意殘忍、並且不需要男性協助、不擇手段的成功女性商人有所恐懼。更有甚者，這種女性可以利用男性以達到目的，甚或是奪取男性的身份。薛漁思傳達出男性只要小心防範、保持警覺，就能以其人之道還治其人之身，使之自食惡果。

”Banqiao San niangzi” 板橋三娘子 is a tale from the Tang 唐 (618-907) collection Hedong ji 河東記, by Xue Yusi 薛漁思 (n.d.). Its itinerant protagonist encounters a sorceress who turns men into donkeys by feeding them cakes baked with grain magically grown in her bedroom. This kind of magic is not seen anywhere else in Chinese literature. I posit that the story originated in India and I explore its relationship with various foreign counterparts. The paper provides a new reading of the tale, juxtaposing the tale with Indian and Arab versions to argue that the story primarily concerns gender power-play. The author of the tale highlights the fear that women can be deliberately fiendish and unscrupulously successful merchants who do not need men's help. Worse yet, they can use men for their own purposes, and even rob men of their identities. He shows men that by staying on guard and maintaining vigilance, it is possible to beat women at their own game, and to give them a taste of their own medicine.

1. Yang, Xianyi 楊憲益. Lingmo xinjian 零墨新箋. Shanghai: Zhonghua, 1947. Print.
2. Thompson, Stith. Motif Index of Folk-Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Studies, 1932-1936. Print.
3. Feng, H. Y. and J. K. Shyrock, “The Black Magic in China Known as Ku.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 55 (1935): 1-30. Print
4. Macdonald, Duncan B. “The Earlier History of the Arabian Nights.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1924): 353-97. Print.
5. Allen, Sarah M.(2009).The Fantastical Female in Tang Narrative.The 61st Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting,Chicago:
6. Apuleius,Walsh, P. G.(Trans.)(1994).The Golden Ass.Oxford:Clarendon.
7. Bullis, Douglas(1999).Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka.Fremont:Asian Humanities P.
8. Campbell, Joseph(1990).The Hero with a Thousand Faces.Princeton:Princeton UP.
9. El-Shamy, Hasan M.(2004).Types of the Folktale in the Arab World: A Demographically Oriented Tale-type Index.Bloomington:Indiana UP.
10. Haddawy, Hussain(trans.)(1990).The Arabian Nights.New York:Norton.
11. Hsieh, Daniel(2008).Love and Women in Early Chinese Fiction.Hong Kong:Chinese UP.
12. Ikeda, Hiroko(1971).A Type and Motif Index of Japanese Folk-Literature.Helsinki:Academia Scientiarum Fennica.
13. Kao, Karl(1985).Classical Chinese Tales of the Supernatural and the Fantastic.Bloomington:Indiana UP.
14. Lawrence, T. E.(trans.)(1991).The Odyssey of Homer.New York:Oxford UP.
15. Li, Chengyang(ed.)(2000).The Sage and the Second Sex: Confucianism, Ethics, and Gender.Chicago:Open Court.
16. Li, Chenyang(Ed.)(2000).The Sage and the Second Sex.Chicago:Open Court.
17. Ligeti, L.(1950).Une episode d'origine chinoise du Gesar-Qan.Acta Orientalia Academie Scientiarum Hungaricae,339-57.
18. Mahdi, Muhsin(1995).The Thousand and One Nights.Leiden:Brill.
19. Penzer, N. M.(ed.)(1968).The Ocean of Story: Being C. H. Tawney's Translation of Somadeva's Kathāsaritsāgara.Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass.
20. Reed, Carrie E.(2007).The Lecherous Holy Man and the Maiden in a Box.JAOS,127,41-55.
21. Reed, Carrie E.(2009).Messages from the Dead in 'Nanke Taishou zhuan.'.CLEAR,31,121-30.
22. Reed, Carrie E.(2009).Parallel Worlds, Stretched Time, and Illusory Reality: The Tang Tale 'Du Zichun.'.HJAS,69(2),309-42.
23. Rowland, Beryl(1973).Animals with Human Faces: A Guide to Animal Symbolism.Knoxville:U of Tennessee P.
24. Scobie, Alex(1983).Apuleius and Folklore: Toward a History of ML3045, AaTh567, 449A.London:Folklore Society.
25. Sproul, Barbara(1991).Primal Myths.San Francisco:HarperCollins.
26. Ting, Nai-tung(1978).A Type-Index of Chinese Folktales.Helsinki:Academia Scientiarum Fennica.
27. Ting, Nai-tung(1987).On Type 449A.Journal of American Folklore,100,69.
28. Tresidder, Jack(2000).Symbols and Their Meanings.London:Friedman/Fairfax.
29. Waley, Arthur(trans.)(1996).The Book of Songs: The Ancient Chinese Classic of Poetry.New York:Grove.
30. Werness, Hope B.(2003).The Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in Art.New York:Continuum.
31. 丁福保(1991)。佛學大詞典。Shanghai:Shanghai shudian。
32. 王文誥(1968)。唐代叢書。Taipei:Xinxing。
33. 王夢鷗(1985)。唐人小說交釋。Taipei:Zhengzhong。
34. 王夢鷗(1978)。唐人小說研究。Taipei:Yiwen。
35. 李昉(1990)。太平廣記。Shanghai:Guji。
36. 李劍國(2007)。唐宋傳奇品讀辭典。Beijing:Xin shijie。
37. 李劍國(1998)。唐五代志怪傳奇敘錄。Tianjin:Nankai Daxue。
38. 周雙利、孫冰(1986)。〈板橋三娘子〉與阿拉伯文學。Nei Meng'gu minzu shiyuan xuebao，2，4-7。
39. 岡田充博(2012)。板橋三娘子考。Tokyo:Chisen shokan。
40. 侯忠義(1997)。隋唐五代小說史。Zhejiang:Guji。
41. 段成式、方南生(1981)。酉陽雜俎。Beijing:Zhonghua。
42. 晁公武(1966)。郡齋讀書志。Taipei:Guangwen。
43. 班固(1990)。漢書。Beijing:Zhonghua。
44. 程毅中(2003)。唐代小說史。Beijing:Renmin wenxue。
45. 楊憲益(1983)。譯餘偶拾。Beijing:Xinzhi sanlian。
46. 蒲松齡(1979)。聊齋志異。Shanghai:Shanghai。
47. 裴普賢(1968)。中印文學研究。Taipei:Shangwu。
48. 劉守華(2003)。比較故事學論考。Ha'erbin:Heilong jiang renmin。