The Gothic Traveler: Generic Transformations in Lafcadio Hearn and Angela Carter

怪誕旅人：拉卡迪歐˙賀恩與安琪拉˙卡特之文類轉換

10.6184/TKR201306-3

Mary Goodwin

安琪拉‧卡特 ； 拉卡迪歐‧賀恩 ； 小泉八雲 ； 旅遊書寫 ； 日本 ； 怪誕亞洲 ； 旅外作家 ； Angela Carter ； Lafcadio Hearn ； travel writing ； Japan ； Gothic Asia ； expatriate writers

Tamkang Review

43卷2期（2013 / 06 / 01）

59 - 81

英文

拉卡迪歐‧賀恩與安琪拉‧卡特這兩位作家的日本之旅，啟發他們對哥德式視野之新觀點，在其作品中扮演重要的角色。賀恩是英裔美國籍的文壇記者，其散文與短篇小說，記敘紐奧良和法屬西印度群島，顯示對死亡主題和神祕學的強烈偏好，出現在他的夢想國度之世紀末日本。歸化為日本公民的賀恩（小泉八雲），以其對日本生活、風俗和歷史之觀察，以及重寫超自然的神祕古老傳說故事，成名至今。將近一世紀之後，英國小說家兼短篇故事作者安琪拉‧卡特，於日本待了兩年，再以此經驗創作一系列的旅遊故事。雖然旅遊主題一向為哥德式小說之特色，在本文中我將分析，賀恩與卡特的旅遊文學中所出現的哥德模式，他們繼承了哥德式的傳統，再重新創作，展現出文化跨越與個人認同之驚人洞見，同時與種族、地位和性別常規產生曲折變化。對自我與他者的新探討，源自他們對哥德式文類之創新，也是來自日本之「遙遠的」觀點，這樣的國度，在他們的寫作中蛻變成一處景點、一個象徵的虛構，用不同的方式「糾纏」著賀恩與卡特，以及他們的讀者。

Travel to Japan inspired in writers Lafcadio Hearn and Angela Carter new perspectives on the Gothic vision that played a prominent role in their work. Hearn, an Anglo-American literary journalist whose essays and short fiction in New Orleans and the French West Indies evinced a strong penchant for the macabre and the occult, found in fin-de-siècle Japan his dream home. Hearn, who became a Japanese citizen, made a name for himself that endures to the present day with his observations of Japanese life, customs and history, as well as his reworking of old legends and tales of the weird and supernatural. Nearly a century later, British novelist and short-story writer Angela Carter spent two years in Japan and produced a collection of travel articles and stories based on her experiences there. Although the travel motif has always been a feature of Gothic fiction, in this essay I analyze the Gothic mode as it appears in the travel literature Hearn and Carter produced, in which they reworked the Gothic tradition they had inherited to produce work that reveals startling insights into cultural crossing and personal identity, inflected with race, status and gender norms. New approaches to both the Self and Other emerge from their innovations to the Gothic genre from the remote perspective of Japan, a country that metamorphoses in their writing into both a scenic location and a symbolic imaginary that haunts Hearn and Carter, and their readers, in different ways.

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