For a World beyond Pigs and Dogs: Transversal Utopias-Guattari, Le Guin, Bookchin

致豬和狗之外的世界：橫截烏托邦－瓜塔里、勒瑰恩和布克欽

10.6184/TKR201812-4

Joff P. N. Bradley

Le Guin ； Guattari ； Deleuze ； Bookchin ； utopia ； science fiction ； anarchism ； 勒瑰恩 ； 瓜塔里 ； 德勒茲 ； 布克欽 ； 烏托邦 ； 科幻小說 ； 無政府主義

Tamkang Review

49卷1期（2018 / 12 / 01）

53 - 70

英文

Writing in-between the distinct social ecologies of Murray Bookchin (1921-2006) and Felix Guattari (1930-1992), my endeavour is to consider how utopian and dystopian varieties of science fiction inform what I have designated the ＂geotrauma＂ of the Anthropocene (Cole et al.). Through a comparison of the oeuvre of Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018) and Guattari's sole collaborative work with Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995), we shall look at how the combination of ecosophy and literature may help us to make sense of our time and lot. Following Deleuze and Guattari, I distinguish between authoritarian utopias (utopias of transcendence), and immanent, revolutionary, libertarian utopias and, following this, I reinterpret the meaning of philosophy's third reterritorialization in Deleuze and Guattari's What is Philosophy?, which is to say, the movement of thought from the Greeks in the past, to the crisis of the democratic State in the present and the possibility of a futural people and earth to come. I will think this meaning in connection and in comparison with the possibility of a third revolution as envisioned in Bookchin's social ecology and social anarchism and how this finds expression in Le Guin's The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia. My conclusion shall point to the idea that the social ecologies of Bookchin and Guattari share a common, middle ground and it is this fecund, inclusive third space which demands further research and exploration.

透過揉合穆瑞．布克欽和皮埃爾—菲利克斯．瓜塔里的獨特社會生態理論，我致力於考量烏托邦和反烏托邦科幻小說如何告訴我們何謂「人類世的地理創傷」。透過比較娥蘇拉．勒瑰恩的作品、瓜塔里的作品以及瓜塔里與吉爾．德勒茲合寫的作品，我們將研究生態哲學和文學的結合如何幫助理解我們的時代和命運。追隨德勒茲和瓜塔里的思想，我區分了威權主義烏托邦（超越式烏托邦），以及內在的、革命的、自由主義的烏托邦，並且據之重新解釋了哲學在德勒茲和瓜塔里的《何謂哲學》中的第三次再疆域化的意義，亦即是過去的希臘人的思想運動，到現在的民主國家的危機，以及未來的人民和地球的可能性。我連結並比較布克欽的社會生態學和社會無政府主義所設想的第三次革命的可能性，以及它如何在勒瑰恩的《一無所有：一個模棱兩可的烏托邦》中得到表達的空間。我的結論將指出，布克欽和瓜塔里的社會生態學有著共同的中間立場，正是這個充滿活力與包容性的第三空間需要我們進一步的研究和探索。

1. Adam, David. “Earthshakers: The Top 100 Green Campaigners of All Time.” The Guardian, 28 Nov. 2006, www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/nov/28/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment
2. Blasdel, Alex. “'A Reckoning for Our Species': The Philosopher Prophet of the Anthropocene.”The Guardian, 25 June, 2017, www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/15/timothy-mortonanthropocene-philosopher.
3. Boff, Leonardo(2008).Essential Care: An Ethics of Human Nature.Baylor UP.
4. Bookchin, Murray(1995).Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridgeable Chasm.AK Press.
5. Bookchin, Murray(1995).Re-enchanting Humanity: A Defense of the Human Spirit against Antihumanism, Misanthropy, Mysticism, and Primitivism.Cassell.
6. Bookchin, Murray(1982).The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy.AK Press.
7. Bookchin, Murray(2015).The Next Revolution.Verso.
8. Bookchin, Murray(1991).Libertarian Municipalism: An Overview.Left Green Perspectives,24
9. Bookchin, Murray,Biehl, Janet(ed.)(1974).Post-Scarcity Anarchism: With a New Introduction.Black Rose Books.
10. Bookchin, Murray,Biehl, Janet(ed.)(1999).The Murray Bookchin Reader.Black Rose Books.
11. Bookchin, Murray,Bookchin, Debbie(ed.),Taylor, Blair(ed.)(2015).The Next Revolution: Popular Assemblies and the Promise of Direct Democracy.Verso.
12. Clark, John(2013).The Impossible Community.Bloomsbury Academic.
13. Cole, David R.(2016).Fukushima: The Geo-Trauma of a Futural Wave.Trans-Humanities Journal,9(3),211-33.
14. Colebrook, Claire. “We Have Always Been Post-Anthropocene.” YouTube, uploaded by Pittsburgh Continental Philosophy Network, 1 Nov. 2014, youtu.be/bGvVZOO_5gc.
15. Deleuze, Gilles,Guattari, Félix,Hurley, Robert(trans.)(1983).Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia.U of Minnesota P.
16. Deleuze, Gilles,Guattari, Félix,Tomlinson, Hugh(trans.),Burchell, Graham(trans.)(1994).What Is Philosophy?.Columbia UP.
17. Deleuze, Gilles,Lapoujade, David(ed.)(2006).Two Regimes of Madness: Texts and Interviews 1975-1995.Semiotext(e).
18. Deleuze, Gilles,Patton, Paul(trans.)(2014).Difference and Repetition.Bloomsbury Publishing.
19. Fong, Benjamin. “The Climate Crisis? It's Capitalism, Stupid.” New York Times, 20 Nov. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/opinion/climate-capitalism-crisis.html.
20. Gordon, Uri(2006).University of Oxford.
21. Gorz, André,Turner, Chris(trans.)(1994).Capitalism, Socialism, Ecology.Verso.
22. Gorz, André,Vigderman, Patsy(trans.),Cloud, Jonathan(trans.)(1980).Ecology as Politics.Pluto.
23. Gough, Noel(2007).Changing Planes: Rhizosemiotic Play in Transnational Curriculum Inquiry.Studies in Philosophy and Education: An International Journal,26(3),279-94.
24. Gough, Noel(2007).Rhizosemiotic Play and the Generativity of Fiction.Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education,4(1),119-24.
25. Guattari, Félix,Adkins, Taylor(trans.)(2011).The Machinic Unconscious: Essays in Schizoanalysis.Semiotext(e).
26. Guattari, Félix,Genosko, Gary(ed.)(1996).The Guattari Reader.Blackwell.
27. Guattari, Félix,Goffey, Andrew(trans.)(2013).Schizoanalytic Cartographies.Bloomsbury Publishing.
28. Guattari, Félix,Lotringer, Sylvere(ed.)(2009).Chaosophy: Texts and Interviews 1972-1977.Semiotext(e).
29. Guattari, Félix,Negri, Antonio,Ryan, Michael(trans.)(1990).Communists like Us: New Spaces of Liberty, New Lines of Alliance.Semiotext(e).
30. Guattari, Félix,Pindar, Ian(trans.),Sutton, Paul(trans.)(2000).The Three Ecologies.Athlone.
31. Habib, Samar(2007).Re-visiting Ursula Le Guin's The Dispossessed: Anarcho-Taoism and World Resource Management.Nebula Press.
32. Jameson, Fredric(2007).Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions.Verso.
33. Jung, Hwa Y.(2011).Transversal Rationality and Intercultural Texts: Essays in Phenomenology and Comparative Philosophy.Ohio UP.
34. Koizumi, Yoshiyuki(2018).From Dreaming of Desert Islands to Reterritorialising Philosophy.Deleuze Studies,12(2),268-82.
35. Land, Nick(2017).Fanged Noumena: Collected Writings 1987-2007.Urbanomic.
36. Le Guin, Ursula(2006).Dancing at the Edge of the World: Thoughts on Words, Women, Places.Grove Press.
37. Le Guin, Ursula(1975).The Wind's Twelve Quarters: Short Stories.Harper & Row.
38. Le Guin, Ursula(2011).The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia.Harper Voyager.
39. Moylan, Tom(2014).Demand the Impossible: Science Fiction and the Utopian Imagination.Peter Lang.
40. Robinson, Kim Stanley(2016).Remarks on Utopia in the Age of Climate Change.Utopian Studies,27(1),2-15.
41. Robinson, Kim Stanley,Feder, Helena(2018).'The Realism of Our Time': Interview with Kim Stanley Robinson.Radical Philosophy,2(01)
42. Schnitman, Dora Fried(ed.),Schnitman, Jorge(ed.)(2002).New Paradigms, Culture and Subjectivity.Hampton.