上海猶太襲產保存的記憶轉向與跨域協商：普世化記憶、襲產外交及城市空間政治

The Memory Turn in and the Cross-border Negotiation over the Making of Jewish Heritage in Shanghai: Cosmopolitan Memories, Heritage Diplomacy and Urban Spatial Politics

10.6152/jaa.202006_(92).0004

黃舒楣(Shu-mei Huang)；張皓鈞(Hao-chun Chang)

記憶轉向 ； 世界記憶 ； 上海猶太人 ； 普世化記憶 ； 襲產化 ； 提籃橋歷史文化風貌區 ； memory turn ； memory of the world ； Shanghai Jews ； cosmopolitan memory ； the Tilanqiao Historic Cultural Preservation District ； Heritagization

考古人類學刊

92期（2020 / 06 / 01）

71 - 123

繁體中文

過去二十年來，猶太人大屠殺記憶成為普世認同的重要人類經驗，學界以之探討「普世化記憶」與襲產全球化的相關互動，延續此對話，本文以近年上海虹口建置猶太難民紀念館以及相關後續準備申遺工作為起點，探索其所在提籃橋歷史文化風貌區的保存實踐。本研究企圖理解提籃橋歷史文化風貌區之劃定和後續近二十年來的發展。近年虹口區推動「上海方舟」之操作，轉向世界記憶申請，嘗試以猶太難民記憶提煉出普世主義的現代氣息，以突破其邊緣鄉里的相對發展落後。關注上海猶太難民記憶，如何於近年得到重視而襲產化（heritagization）之過程，嘗試具體回答以下問題：猶太歷史蹤跡的襲產化過程如何發生於異地（上海提籃橋）？驅動襲產化的主要動力為何？猶太難民記憶襲產化過程相關的襲產論述實踐如何在跨境協商和跨領域競爭中展開？遇到哪些保存困境？戰後多年來落腳提籃橋一帶的居民日常處境如何受到襲產化過程影響？本文兼採襲產規劃文本分析、深度訪談及田野調查研究，梳理起自2000至2020年的襲產化轉向動態，並結論指出動員普世化記憶之不易，同時，居民對於保存動遷的渴望，加深了他們在此襲產化過程中的疏離窘境。

The past two decades have witnessed a growing recognition of making holocaust memories a key in pursuing cosmopolitan memories in cases across borders. Existing literature considers the development of cosmonostalgia as related to the globalization of heritage. In light of this, we try to explore the establishment of the Shanghai Jewish Refugee Museum and attempt to register stories of the Shanghai Jews as UNESCO Memory of the World as a point of departure to trace the development of the Tilanqiao Historic Cultural Preservation District, Hongkou, during the past twenty years. In recent years, the Hongkou District Administration has been promoting Tilanqiao as ＂Shanghai Ark,＂ turning away from pursuing World Heritage towards Memory of the World and in so doing to re-articulate Hongkou as a modern cosmopolitan hub. Focusing on such an ongoing process of heritagization of Jewish heritage in Shanghai, this research tries to answer the following questions: How has the process of the heritagization of the Jewish heritage in Shanghai taken place and what is the drive for an initiative as such? How has heritage preservation as discursive practice been carried out to mediate the related cross-border negotiation, interdisciplinary competition, and challenges as a result? How has the process of the heritagization of the Jewish heritage in Shanghai left impacts on the everyday life of the Tilanqiao residents? Adopting content analysis of heritage planning documents, in-depth interview, and ethnographic investigation, this research illustrates the turn to Memory of the World over the past two decades. In conclusion, it presents the challenges of mobilizing cosmopolitan memories and moreover, the difficult situation in which local residents further alienate themselves from the politics over heritage for their aspiration for relocation by preservation.

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