以國產柳杉材萃取精油後之剩餘料研製貓砂之可行性

Feasibility of Developing Cat Litter Made from Leftover Material of Cryptomeria japonica Wood after Extracted Essential Oil

10.6561/FPI.202109_40(3).0001

吳家妘(Jia-Yun Wu)；許雅媛(Ya-Yuan Hsu)；劉素玲(Su-Ling Liu)；鄭森松(Sen-Sung Cheng)；林曉洪(Sheau-Horng Lin)

柳杉 ； 貓砂 ； 精油 ； 水蒸餾法 ； 水蒸氣蒸餾法 ； Cryptomeria japonica ； Cat litter ； Essential oil ； Hydrodistillation ； Steam distillation

林產工業

40卷3期（2021 / 09 / 01）

91 - 104

繁體中文;英文

柳杉（Cryptomeria japonica）為臺灣針葉樹蓄積量最多之樹種。目前為止並沒有關於柳杉剩餘料製成貓砂之研究，因此本研究使用水蒸餾法及水蒸氣蒸餾法來萃取柳杉材部精油，並比較不同萃取方法之精油收率且分析其組成成分，另也分析經萃取後柳杉剩餘料製作不同添加澱粉比例貓砂之基本性質。試驗結果顯示，水蒸餾法較水蒸氣蒸餾法萃取柳杉之精油收率高。柳杉材水蒸餾法萃取後精油主成分為β-Eudesmol（35.17-44.70%）和Elemol（18.57-20.01%）；柳杉材經水蒸氣蒸餾法萃取後精油主成分為δ-Cadinene（32.18-34.46%）。經水蒸餾法萃取柳杉材與5種不同麵粉添加量製成貓砂之含水率、直徑、質量及密度皆未有顯著性差異；長度會隨著麵粉添加量增加而增長；收率隨著麵粉配比之提高而上升；完整顆粒由麵粉比例由多至少向下遞減、不完整顆粒和粉屑比則遞增；pH值以20 wt%添加量最高，為5.98。吸水能力以20 wt%添加量最高，為3.40 mL/g。綜合上述結果得知，以20 wt%為最適合製作貓砂之麵粉添加量。另外，比較添加20 wt%麵粉量之經水蒸餾萃取後及未處理柳杉貓砂及市售貓砂之pH值分別為5.98、6.14、6.17，三者之分散性皆為0 s，亦即遇水即散，吸水力以未處理之柳杉剩餘材貓砂之吸水力為最高（3.63 mL/g）；市售貓砂之吸水力為最低（3.17 mL/g）。綜合以上結果得知，本研究評估以水蒸餾法萃取後之柳杉剩餘料粉屑添加20 wt%麵粉量製成的貓砂表現出極高的吸水能力，且優於市售貓砂。未來將可以製成國產柳杉貓砂取代進口，以減少國外運送之碳足跡，達到循環再利用的目標。

Cryptomeria japonica is the tree species with the largest amount of coniferous trees in Taiwan. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited research on making cat litter from C. japonica leftovers, so this study uses hydrodistillation and steam distillation to extract the essential oil of C. japonica wood, and compares the yield and composition of the essential oil with different extraction methods. The basic properties of cat litter with different starch addition ratios made from leftover C. japonica after extraction. The test results show that the yield of the essential oil of C. japonica extracted by hydrodistillation method is higher than that of steam distillation method. The main components of the essential oil extracted from C. japonica wood by hydrodistillation were β-eudesmol (35.17-44.70%) and elemol (18.57-20.01%); the main components of essential oil from C. japonica wood extracted by steam distillation were δ-cadinene (32.18-34.46%). There was no significant difference in moisture content, diameter, mass and density of cat litter made from C. japonica wood extracted by hydrodistillation and 5 different flour additions; the length increased with the increase of flour addition; the yield increased with the proportion of flour increases and rises; the proportion of complete particles decreased at least downwards from the proportion of flour, while the ratio of incomplete particles and flour crumbs increases; the pH value is the highest with 20 wt% addition, which is 5.98. The water absorption capacity is the highest at 20 wt% addition, which is 3.40 mL/g. Based on the above results, it is known that 20 wt% is the most suitable flour addition amount for making cat litter. Adding 20 wt% flour, the pH values of distilled and unextracted C. japonica cat litter and commercially available cat litter are 5.98, 6.14and 6.17, respectively, the water absorption capacity of untreated C. japonica residue cat litter was the highest (3.63 mL/g); the water absorption capacity of commercially available cat litter was the lowest (3.17 mL/g). Based on the above results, this study evaluated that the cat litter made by adding 20 wt% flour to the leftover C. japonica after hydrodistillation extraction showed a very high water absorption capacity, which was better than commercial cat litter. In the future, it will be possible to make domestic C. japonica cat litter instead of imported ones, so as to reduce the carbon footprint of foreign shipments and achieve the goal of recycling.