TOPMODEL水文模式應用於降雨逕流分析之研究

Using TOPMODEL to Analyze Rainfall-Runoff on Ba-Jan Watershed

10.29417/JCSWC.199912_30(4).0005

劉正川(Jenq-Chuan Liou)；廖學誠(Shyue-Ghemg Liaw)；李芳君(Fang-Chuen Lee)

Topmodel ； 降雨 ； 逕流 ； 八掌溪 ； Topmodel ； rainfall ； runoff ； Ba-Jan river

中華水土保持學報

30卷4期（1999 / 12 / 01）

279 - 288

繁體中文

Beven及Kirkby於1979年所提出的集水區水文模式TOPMODEL（Topography Model），爲一降雨逕流模式，其概念簡單，參數亦較其他水文模式少，且能適合坡地集水區，因此近年來已被廣泛使用於流量預測與分析、輔助水質預測、網格大小之分析、地形對水流之影響、地理資訊系統與TOPMODEL結合之應用等。在國內，此模式已適用於福山集水區之逕流分析，然福山集水區系屬台灣北部集水區，故探討模式於台灣南部較大集水區之適用性是必要的。本研究以嘉義縣軍輝橋以上之八掌溪子集水區爲研究範圍，收集集水區內地文、水文資料，配合ARC/INFO尋求參數值，利用TOPMODEL水文模式來進行降雨逕流分析，結果顯示，長期降雨及暴雨逕流分析，其平均比值爲0.7及0.05，因此TOPMODEL水文模式適用於此試區的長期降雨逕流分析，但不適用於暴雨逕流分析。

TOPMODEL, a watershed hydrological model developed by Beven and Kirkby in 1979, is a typical rainfall-runoff model. With a simple concept, its parameters are less than those of other hydrological models. It is applicable to hillslope watersheds. The model has been used in many fields including runoff forecast and analysis, water quality assessment, grid size analysis, effects of topography on flow paths, and integration of GIS and TOPMODEL in various applications. In Taiwan, TOPMODEL has been used to analyze runoff in Fu-Shan watershed. However, Fu-Shan watershed is part of the northern Taiwan watershed, it is essential to investigate the applicability of TOPMODEL in the southern part of Taiwan. This research is a study of Ba-Jan watershed located in Chiayi County of southern Taiwan. We collected data on hydrology and topography in this watershed and used the TOPMODEL to analyze its rainfall-runoff in conjunction with its ARC/INFO parameters. The results showed that the average model rates for long-range rainfall and typhoon runoff are 0.7 and 0.05, respectively. Therefore, TOPMODEL is proved to be suitable for long-range rainfall analysis in this region but is not suited for typhoon runoff analysis.