2018年北海道胆振東部地震引起的厚真町堰塞湖之形成與潰決潛勢分析

Formation and Dam Breach Analysis of the 2018 Hokkaido Iburi-Tobu Earthquake-Induced Landslide Dam in Atsuma Town, Japan

10.29417/JCSWC.201912_50(4).0003

吳振佑(Chen-Yu Wu)；林家興(Chia-Hsing Lin)；陳國威(Kuo-Wei Chen)；陳振宇(Chen-Yu Chen)

堰塞湖潰壩 ； 洪水演算 ； 影響範圍 ； 北海道胆振東部地震 ； landslide dam breach ； flood routing ； impact area ； Hokkaido Iburi-Tobu earthquake

中華水土保持學報

50卷4期（2019 / 12 / 01）

154 - 165

繁體中文

地震或降雨引致崩塌所形成的堰塞湖，有可能導致嚴重的二次災害，故如何快速評估堰塞湖潰決後的衝擊與影響，係防災工作上的重要課題。本研究嘗試使用免費的HEC-RAS水理模式的二維洪水演算模組，建立一套快速評估堰塞湖潰決後對下游之衝擊與影響的標準作業程序，並以2018年9月6日日本北海道地震導致之厚真町堰塞湖為案例，藉由水理數值模式，分析堰塞湖潰決之洪峰水流運動特性，包括潰壩時所產生之潰決尖峰流量、洪水到達時間、河道溢淹情況等。透過不同壩高與潰壩延時之潰壞參數變動情境模擬成果，可協助防災單位掌握相關風險，並據以劃定影響範圍及保全對象、研擬緊急避難計畫，以及設定警戒發布時機等相關防災措施。

Landslide dams, whether induced by earthquake or rainfall, may cause serious secondary disasters. Therefore, assessing the disaster impact after a landslide dam breach is crucial for disaster response work. This study used a free two-dimensional flood-routing model on HEC-RAS to establish a standard operating procedure for rapidly assessing the impact of such a breach to protect downstream targets. The landslide dam caused by the Hokkaido earthquake in Atsuma Town, Japan on September 6, 2018 was studied in this research. A numerical model was selected to simulate the dam breach and analyze flood wave characteristics, including peak discharge, flooding arrival time, and the inundation area. Landslide dam heights and breach durations were simulated to uncover disaster risks. From these results, the emergency operation center can delimit the inundated area, protect targets, create emergency evacuation plans, and set early-warning criteria.

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