喪親者的心靈轉化：重建與成長

Transformation of Bereaved Spirituality

10.6142/VGHN.202406_41(2).0007

連如玉(Ru-Yu Lien)；高舒(Shu Kao)；劉曉菁(Hsiao-Ching Liu)；劉（王靈）美(Ling Mei Liu)；黃卉如(Hui-Ju Huang)；沈青青(Ching-Ching Sheng)

喪親者 ； 心靈轉化 ； 持續性連結 ； 依附 ； 重建 ； bereaved ； spiritual transformation ； continuing bond ； attachment ； reconstruction

榮總護理

41卷2期（2024 / 06 / 01）

161 - 167

繁體中文;英文

喪親者的心靈轉化是面對失去和死亡的深刻思索，涉及情感、認知、社會互動和個人成長，具有重大意義。成功轉化可帶來情感和心靈成長，增進對生命的洞察和智慧，然並非每個喪親者都能順利經歷，因此瞭解和協助喪親者重建與成長甚為重要。喪親者的心靈轉化從失去的痛苦伴隨著情感的洪流、尋找生活的支點，調適情感，以重建生活、尋求生命的意義，最終成長得更強大寬容。在其中，持續性連結扮演重要角色，可以促進情感適應、意義重建和心理健康的發展。此外，在此過程中，建立對人或物品的健康依附關係，能提供情感連結，但應避免過度依賴，目前心跳音樂和影像已被用來協助喪親者保留對親人的連結，幫助在悲傷中找到安慰和情感支持。喪親會引發複雜的情感，建議專業人員應提供聆聽和支持，並尊重個體文化和宗教信仰，鼓勵參與社交活動、紀念逝者或尋求專業協助，引導其釋放對逝者的依賴，接受死亡的現實，尋找生命的意義，規劃正向的生活目標。

The process of spiritual transformation in bereavement involves profound contemplation of loss and death and encompasses emotional, cognitive, social, and personal dimensions. This process has considerable importance because successful transformation can lead to emotional and spiritual growth, enhancing insight and wisdom regarding life. However, not all bereaved individuals navigate this journey smoothly, making it crucial to understand and support them in their grief reconstruction. Bereaved spiritual transformation begins with the pain of loss, which is an intense emotional experience. It proceeds to the seeking of stability in life, adjustment of emotions to rebuild daily life, and seeking of meaning in existence. This profound transformation ultimately offers an opportunity for growth and can render individuals stronger and more resilient. Throughout this process, maintaining a bond with the deceased plays a pivotal role in facilitating emotional adaptation, reconstructing meaning, and fostering mental well-being. However, the maintenance of this connection should be approached cautiously to avoid maladaptive dependence or extreme avoidance. Furthermore, establishing healthy attachment relationships with people or objects during bereavement can provide essential emotional connections. However, it is crucial to prevent overreliance. Contemporary approaches, such as using heartbeat music and visuals, are being employed to help bereaved individuals maintain an emotional connection with their loved one, offering comfort and emotional support amidst their grief. Bereavement can trigger complex emotions, and professionals are recommended to offer active listening and emotional support, guide emotional expression, and respect individuals' cultural and religious beliefs. Encouraging participation in social activities, commemorating the deceased, or seeking professional assistance can help the bereaved release their attachment to the deceased, accept the reality of death, find life's meaning, and set positive life goals.

1. 蔡佩真(2009)．永活我心：逝者的虛擬存在與影響力之探討以父母死亡之成年喪親者為例．中華心理衛生學刊，22(4)，411-433。
   連結：
2. Akinyemi, C., & Hassett, A. (2021). “He's still there”: How facebook facilitates continuing bonds with the deceased. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 88(2), 620-637.
   連結：
3. Azad, M. A., Swinton, M., Clarke, F. J., Takaoka, A., Vanstone, M., Woods, A., Boyle, A., Hoad, N., Toledo, F., Piticaru, J., & Cook, D. J. (2020). Experiences of bereaved family members receiving commemorative paintings: A qualitative study. JAMA Network Open, 3(12), Article e2027259.
   連結：
4. Black, J., Belicki, K., Emberley-Ralph, J., & McCann, A. (2022). Internalized versus externalized continuing bonds: Relations to grief, trauma, attachment, openness to experience, and posttraumatic growth. Death Studies, 46(2), 399-414.
   連結：
5. Bray, P. (2013). Bereavement and transformation: A psycho-spiritual and post-traumatic growth perspective. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(3), 890-903.
   連結：
6. Clabburn, O., Knighting, K., Jack, B. A., & O'Brien, M. R. (2021). Continuing bonds with children and bereaved young people: A narrative review. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 83(3), 371-389.
   連結：
7. Hewson, H., Galbraith, N., Jones, C., & Heath, G. (2023). The impact of continuing bonds following bereavement: A systematic review. Death Studies, 1-14.
   連結：
8. Keser, E., & Isikli, S. (2022). Investigation of the relationship between continuing bonds and adjustment after the death of a first-degree family member by using the multidimensional continuing bonds scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 218-232.
   連結：
9. Lichtenthal, W. G., Catarozoli, C., Masterson, M., Slivjak, E., Schofield, E., Roberts, K. E., Neimeyer, R. A., Wiener, L., Prigerson, H. G., Kissane, D. W., Li, Y., & Breitbart, W. (2019). An open trial of meaning-centered grief therapy: Rationale and preliminary evaluation. Palliative & Supportive Care, 17(1), 2-12.
   連結：
10. Rolbiecki, A. J., Washington, K. T., Holman, J. G., & Lee, J. E. (2023). Sense making in the wake of familial death: “I continue to work through those feelings”. Death Studies, 1-8.
    連結：
11. Worden, J. W., & Winokuer, H. R. (2021). A task-based approach for counseling the bereaved. In R. A. Neimeyer, D. L. Harris, H. R. Winokuer, & G. Thornton (Eds.), Grief and bereavement in contemporary society: Bridging research and practice (1st ed., pp. 57-67). Routledge.
    連結：
12. Yu, W., He, L., Xu, W., Wang, J., & Prigerson, H. G. (2016). Continuing bonds and bereavement adjustment among bereaved mainland chinese. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204(10), 758-763.
    連結：
13. 石世明、夏淑怡、邱宗怡、王英偉、王淑貞、謝侑書(2012)．影像紀錄在臨終心理諮商之運用．應用心理研究，(54)，75-103。
14. 吳秀碧(2016)．傳統喪禮儀式在哀傷諮商的省思和啟發．輔導季刊，52(1)，1-13。
15. 施至遠、賴維淑(2021，8月29日)．新冠肺炎安寧緩和醫療：第一版【第二章】病人照護．台灣安寧緩和醫學學會。https://www.hospicemed.org.tw/ehc-tahpm/s/w/first_edition/article/24c1e646301d442898bc5a9c5258682c#
16. 陳珮琪(2022)．台灣癌症喪親者的悲傷與遺憾調適歷程〔未發表的碩士論文〕．慈濟大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/5z677a
17. Bowlby, J., & Ainsworth, M. (2013). The origins of attachment theory. In S. Goldberg, R. Muir, & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives (1st ed., pp. 45-84). Routledge.
18. Judah, S. (2022). The clinicians guide to spiritual emergence. Helm Counseling.