题名

美國高等教育治理當中委員會角色之評析

并列篇名

The Role of Committees in American Higher Education Governance

DOI

10.6431/TWJHSS.200712.0139

作者

張世強(Shih-Chiang Chang);張世澤(Shih-Tse Chang)

关键词

學術自由 ; 教授治校 ; 共同治理 ; Academic Freedom ; Faculty Governance ; Shared Governance

期刊名称

思與言:人文與社會科學期刊

卷期/出版年月

45卷4期(2007 / 12 / 01)

页次

139 - 177

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

教授治校在現今美國高等教育治理當中,已經成為了一個常見的原則,而委員會則是其中重要的運作機制。本文企圖探究委員會特殊的決策運作形式在教授治校運作當中所扮演的角色,以及委員會對於學術自由保障與校務運作效能所產生的影響。透過考察委員會在決策團體規模、成員構成方式、決策進行規則三個方面的特性,本文企圖指出:透過委員會參與和決策制訂程序的調整,可以在兼顧教授治校與長聘制度的前提之下,強化傳統治理模式的運作效能,讓校園適應外部環境的變遷。

英文摘要

Faculty governance, although a fairly widespread phenomenon in American higher education by now, still sparks controversy among many in the academy. Although opinions regarding faculty governance may vary, many in the academy would agree that faculty governance has become inextricably intertwined with academic freedom and the politics of academy. By presenting cases of faculty senate, t his article aims to explore the critical role of committees in American Education Governance and how it contribute to the practice of shared governance and faculty governance.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
参考文献
  1. Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities
  2. AAUP(1992).Report: On the Status of Non-tenure-track Faculty.Academe,78,39-48.
  3. Post-tenure Review: An AAUP Response
  4. Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure
  5. Alstete, J. W.(2000).Post-tenure Faculty Development: Building a System forFaculty Improvement and Appreciation.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
  6. Amacher, R.,Meiners, R.(2002).Free the Universities: ReformingHigherEducation to Keep Pace With the Information Age.San Francisco:Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy.
  7. Shared Governance in Colleges and Universities: A Statement by the Higher Education Program and Policy Council
  8. Aronowitz, S.(2000).The Knowledge Factory.Boston:Beacon Press.
  9. Aronowitz, S.,Giroux, H. A.(1992).Education Still Under Siege.Westport, CT:Bergin and Garvey Press.
  10. Baldridge, J. V.(1971).Power and Conflict in the University: Research in the Sociology of Complex Organizations.New York:John Wiley & Sons.
  11. Baldridge, J. V.,Kemerer, F.(1976).Academic Senates and Faculty Collective Bargaining.Journal of Higher Education,47(4),391-441.
  12. Benjamin, E.(1998).Declining Faculty Availability to Students is the Problem, But Tenure is not the Explanation.American Behavioral Scientist,14,716-735.
  13. Benjamin, R.,Carroll, S.,W. G. Tierney (Ed.)(1999).Responsive University: Restructuring for High Performance.Baltimore, MD:The John Hopkins Press.
  14. Berlin, I.(1969).Four Essays on Liberty.New York:Oxford University Press.
  15. Birnbaum, R.(1991).Faculty in Governance: The Role of Senates and Joint Committees in Academic Decision Making.New Directions for Higher Education,18(3),7-25.
  16. Birnbaum, R.(1989).The Latent Organizational Functions of the Academic Senate: Why Senates do not Work But will Not Go Away.Journal of Higher Education,60(4),423-443.
  17. Birnbaum, R.(1989).How Colleges Work.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
  18. Boyer, E.(1990).Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities for the Professoriate.Princeton, NJ:Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
  19. Buchanan, J. M.,Tullock, G.(1965).The Calculus of Consent.Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.
  20. Burgan, M.(1998).Academic Citizenship: A Fading Vision.Liberal Education,84(4),16-21.
  21. Campbell, T. I. D.,Slaughter, S.(1999).Faculty and Administrators` Attitudes Toward Potential Conflicts of Interest, Commitment and Equity in University-industry Relationships.The Journal of Higher Education,70,309-352.
  22. Clark, B. R.,C. E. Kruytbosch,S. L. Messinger (Eds.)(1970).The State of the University.Beverly Hills:Sage.
  23. Cohen, M.,March, J.(1974).Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  24. D`Souza, P. V.(1992).Electronic Mail in Academic Settings: A Multipurpose Communications tool.Educational Technology,32(3),22-25.
  25. Deyo, R. D.,Psaty, B. M.,Simon, G.,Wagner, E. H.,Omenn, G. S.(1997).The Messenger Under Attack: Intimidation of Researchers by Special Interest Groups.New England Journal of Medicine,336,1176-1180.
  26. Duderstadt, J. J.(2001).A University for the 21st Century.Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press.
  27. Dykes, A.(1968).Faculty Participation in Academic Eecision Making.Washington:American Council on Education.
  28. Edwards, R.(1997).Can Post-tenure Review Help us Save the Tenure System?.Academe,83,26-31.
  29. Ehrenberg, R. G.(2000).Tuition Rising: Why College Costs so Much.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
  30. Ewell, P. T.(1990).Assessment and the "New Accountability": A Challenge for Higher Education`s Leadership.Denver, CO:Education Commission of the States.
  31. Floyd, C. E.(1985).Faculty Participation in Decision Making: Necessity or Luxury.Washington, D. C.:ASHE-ERIC Higher Education.
  32. Gerber, L. G.(2001)."Inextricably Linked": Shared Governance and Academic Freedom.Academe,87(3),14-18.
  33. Gerber, L. G.,Clausen, D. M.,Poston, M. E.,Perley, J. E.,Ramo, K.(1997).Behind Closed doors? Reaffirming the Value of Shared Governance.Academe,83(5),22-24.
  34. Gilmour, J. E.(1991).Your Faculty Senate: More Effective Than You Think?.Academe,77(5),16-19.
  35. Haskell, T.,L. Menand (Ed.)(1996).The Future of Academic Freedom.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
  36. Hofstadter, R.,Metzger, W. P.(1955).The Development of Academic Freedom in the United States.New York:Columbia University Press.
  37. Holden, C.(1997).Tenure Turmoil Sparks Reforms.Science,276,24-26.
  38. Hollinger, D. A.(2001).Faculty Governance, the University of California and the Future of Academe.Academe,87(3),30-33.
  39. Horan, S. M.,Benington, J. H.(2000).A Protocol for Using Electronic Messaging to Facilitate Academic Committee Deliberations.Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management,22(2),187-197.
  40. Hutcheson, P. A.(2000).A Professional Professoriate: Unionization, Bureaucratization and the AAUP.Nashville, TN:Vanderbilt University Press.
  41. Kendall, W.,Carey, G. W.(1968).The "Intensity" Problem and Democratic Theory.American Political Science Review,62(1),5-24.
  42. Klein, A.,Dunlap, W. P.(1994).Change: Faculty/Administration Perspectives.College Student Journal,28,199-204.
  43. Kurland, J,Pollitt, D.(1998).Entering the Academic Freedom Arena Running: The AAUP`s First Year.Academe,84(4),45-52.
  44. Lewis, L. S.(1993).The Cold War and Academic Governance.Albany:SUNY Press.
  45. Lewis, R. G.,Smith, D. K.(1994).Total Quality in Higher Education.Delray Beach, FL:St. Lucie Press.
  46. Lowen, R. S.(1997).Creating the Cold War University: The Transformation of Stanford.Berkeley,Los Angeles:University of California Press.
  47. Lucas, C. J.(1996).Crisis in the Academy.New York:St. Martin`s Press.
  48. MacIver, R. M.(1955).Academic Freedom in Our Time.New York:Columbia University Press.
  49. Marginson, S.,Considine, M.(2000).The Enterprise University: Power, Governance and Reinvention in Australia.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  50. Metzger, W.,B. R. Clark (Ed.)(1987).The Academic Profession: National, Disciplinary and Institutional Settings.Los Angeles:University of California Press.
  51. Miller, M. T.(1996).Faculty Participation in Governance at Small and Large Universities: Implications for Practice.Planning and Changing,27(3/4),180-190.
  52. Miller, M. T. (Ed.)(1999).Responsive Academic Decision-making: Involving Faculty in Higher Education Governance.Stillwater, OK:New Forums Press.
  53. Minor, J. T.(2004).Understanding Faculty Senates: Moving From Mystery to Models.Review of Higher Education,27(3),343-363.
  54. Morphew, C. C.(1999).Challenges Facing Shared Governance Within the College.New Directions for Higher Education,27(1),71-79.
  55. Mueller, D. C.(1979).Public Choice.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  56. Nichols, J. O.(1995).A Practitioner`s Handbook for Institutional Effectiveness and Student Outcomes Assessment Implementation.New York:Agathon.
  57. Patriquin, L.,Bensimon, E. M.,Polkinghorne, D. E.,Bauman, G.(2003).Post-tenure Review: The Disparity Between Intent and Implementation.Review of Higher Education,26(3),275-298.
  58. Pew Higher Education Research Group(1996).Shared Purposes.Policy Perspectives,6(4),1-8.
  59. Radner, S. G.(1996).Accountability, Evaluation of Tenured Faculty and Program Reviews.Radical Teacher,48,11-12.
  60. Rhoades, G.(1996).Reorganizing the Faculty Workforce for Flexibility: Part-time Professional Labor.The Journal of Higher Education,67(6),626-660.
  61. Rhoades, G.(2005).Capitalism, Academic Style and Shared Governance.Academe,91(3),38-42.
  62. Ryan, J. G.(1993).After Accreditation: How to Institutionalize Outcomes-Based Assessment.New Directions for Community Colleges,83(3),75-81.
  63. Sartori, G.(1975).Will Democracy Kill Democracy? Decision-Making by Majorities and by Committees.Government and Opposition,10(2),131-158.
  64. Sartori, G.(1987).The Theory of Democracy Revisited.Chatham, N.J.:Chatham House.
  65. Schrecker, E.(1986).No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism and the Universities.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
  66. Scott, J. V.(1996).The Strange Death of Faculty Governance.Political Science and Politics,29(4),724-726.
  67. Scott, J. W.(2002).The Critical State of Shared GovErnance.Academe,88(4),41-48.
  68. Silva, E. T.,Slaughter, S.(1984).Serving Power: The Making of a Social Science Expert, 1865-1921.Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Press.
  69. Sjoberg, G.(1998).Democracy, Science and Institutionalized Dissent: Toward a Social Justification for Academic Tenure.Sociological Perspectives,41(4),697-721.
  70. Slaughter, S.(1980).The "Danger Zone": Academic Freedom and Civil Liberties.The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,448,46-61.
  71. Smith, C. W.(2000).Market Values in American Higher Education: the Pitfalls and Promises.Lanham, MD:Rowan & Littlefield.
  72. Trow, M.(1990).The Academic Eenate as a School for University Leadership.Liberal Education,76(1),23-27.
  73. Volkwein, J. F.,Malik, S. M.(1997).State Regulation and Administrative Flexibility at Public Universities.Research in Higher Education,38(1),17-42.
  74. Walton, S. V.,Galea, C. E.(2005).Some Considerations for Applying Business Sustainability Practices to Campus Environmental Challenges.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,6(2),147-160.
  75. Welsh, J. F.,Metcalf, J.(2003).Faculty and Administrative Support for Institutional Effectiveness Activities.The Journal of Higher Education,74(4),445-466.
  76. Wheare, K. C.(1955).Government by Committee.Oxford:Clarendon Press.
  77. Williams, D.,Williams, G.,Broches, C.,Lostoski, C.(1987).One Faculty`s Perspective of Its Role in Governance.Journal of Higher Education,58(6),629-665.
  78. Wood, M.,Johnsrud, L.(2005).Post-Tenure Review: What Matters to Faculty.Review of Higher Education,28(3),393-421.