题名

終結癲癇的汙名?癲癇團體面臨的挑戰

并列篇名

The End of Stigma? The Challenge to Epilepsy Group

作者

王瑞賢(Jui-Hsien Wang)

关键词

癲癇 ; 汙名 ; 障礙研究 ; 醫療模式 ; 社會運動 ; Epilepsy ; Stigma ; Disability Studies ; Medical Model ; Social Movement

期刊名称

思與言:人文與社會科學期刊

卷期/出版年月

53卷2期(2015 / 06 / 01)

页次

137 - 175

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

癲癇是一種慢性、汙名、隱藏的疾病,涉及生理、心理與社會等現象。對照臺灣障礙者、性別、族群與性取向團體,癲癇長期被視之為個人悲痛,而侷限在醫學、護理學與諮商等範疇,未曾以社會學方式關照其社會面向,造成癲癇團體的社會議題較少受到積極的關照與討論。本文深度訪談17位癲癇者與相關人士,分別從客觀與主觀方向,探討臺灣癲癇者面臨的社會實在性問題。在客觀方面,本文分析指出,癲癇醫療科學進程,癲癇認知教化宣導、諮詢輔導是癲癇團體發展進程與功能。同時,癲癇以生理損傷性定義,劃入政府福利體制的障礙類別,過度偏重醫療模式與人道關懷的癲癇政策,似乎忽略癲癇有別於障礙者形式的特殊性與不利條件。在主觀方面,本文透過癲癇者的自我汙名內化、家庭汙名社會化及社會歧視的分析,說明癲癇身分的形成與排斥,形塑癲癇者的隱藏慣習與策略。最後,本文認為,癲癇醫療依然關鍵,但是基於癲癇的獨特性,癲癇汙名的終結,除了仰賴癲癇團體持續不斷地進行公眾教育之外,癲癇團體與其他身心障礙團體間,必須積極持續的對話,為癲癇者的社會、文化、經濟等方面的充權條件做好積極準備,癲癇者與家庭才能有效克服長期內化的個體化隱匿行為原則,具體化癲癇集體認同,走向類似障礙團體以權利模式為主的歷史階段,用政治行動跨越「正常」與「偏差」的邊界。

英文摘要

Epilepsy is a specific illness with physical, mental and social phenomenon, in wake with the five major features of unpredictable, chronic, myth, stigmatization and concealment. Comparing to those various minorities of disability, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, epilepsy is regards as an individual suffering, not social issues, which was concerned by medicine caring, and physiological counseling categories, not sociology. That makes epilepsy becoming as hidden and disadvantaged minority. This paper deeply interviewed 17 persons with epilepsy and other related persons, which argues social realities that persons with epilepsy confronted in the dimensions of objective and subjective separately. In the objective reality, the paper presents the rationalization process in the epilepsy medicine, and emphases the de-myth and de-stigmatization which the cognitive-psychological oriented that epilepsy self-help group reflects. In the subjective reality, the identity management by epilepsy patients and their families who are afraid of being exposed immediately after their diagnosis results in self-stigmatization as a survival strategy. The epilepsy patients' groups fail to adopt politic action since these organizations are mostly led by medical experts, social workers, and hospital management who discouraged the patients to adopt a more assertive role. As they focus on health education and social education, little attention is paid to the issue of how to challenge the social oppression on the people with epilepsy.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
参考文献
  1. 林怡華(2009)。身心障礙者的「鑑定/安置」:一個身體政治的觀點。政策研究學報,9,147-170。
    連結:
  2. 邱大昕(2011)。誰是身心障礙者:從身心障礙鑑定的演變看「國際健康功能與身心障礙分類系統」(ICF)的實施。社會政策與社會工作學刊,15(2),187-213。
    連結:
  3. 張恒豪(2007)。特殊教育與障礙社會學:一個理論的反省。教育與社會研究,13,71-94。
    連結:
  4. Scambler, Graham (2010). The Stigma of Epilepsy and its Impact.Retrieved February 5, 2015, from Epilepsy Australia, Website: http://www.epilepsyaustralia.net/userData/docs/The%20Stigma%20of%20Epilepsy%20and%20its%20Impact_Professor%20Graham%20Scambler.pdf
  5. 臺灣癲癇之友協會(2015)。〈癲癇病因國內統計資料與可能預防的病因〉。社團法人臺灣癲癇之友協會,網址:http://www.epilepsyorg.org.tw/?Guid=b936a914-ba40-13b1-9b4d-c030b3078b7a。點閱日期:2015年2月5日
  6. 施茂雄(2015)。〈公路上的危險夢魘〉。臺灣癲癇之友協會,網址:http://www.epilepsyorg.org.tw/?Guid=f460b1c2-783c-d35e-ae4f-0dca224d2095。點閱日期:2015年2月5日
  7. 施茂雄(2009)。〈醫學新知:臺灣各年齡層癲癇病患的病因〉。臺灣癲癇之友協會(2009年10月8日),網址:http://www.epilepsyorg.org. tw/?Guid=f0e4cb1e-a027-643e-5104-4b9055e52c76。點閱日期:2015年2月5日
  8. 關尚勇(2015)。〈癲癇患者的駕駛問題〉。身心障礙者服務資訊網,網址:http://disable.yam.org.tw/life/156。點閱日期:2015年2月5日
  9. 臺灣癲癇之友協會(2015)。。〈答覆讀者來函Q & A〉。社團法人臺灣癲癇之友協會,網址:http://www.epilepsyorg.org.tw/?Page=BulletinDetail&Guid=9b940581-4771-c0b0-9a2f-d1ccdc561a57。點閱日期:2015年2月5日
  10. 臺灣癲癇之友協會(2015)。〈協會緣起與宗旨〉。社團法人臺灣癲癇之友協會,網址:http://www.epilepsyorg.org.tw/?Guid=9d3980de-40a2-2f6b-ac99-0bef0130007c。點閱日期:2015年2月5日
  11. Abrecht, Gary L.(Ed.),Seelman, Katherine(Ed.),Bury, Michael(Ed.)(2001).Handbook of Disabilities Studies.Thousand Oaks, California:Sage.
  12. Anderson, Robert(Ed.),Bury, Michael(Ed.)(1988).Living with Chronic Illness: the Experience of Patients and Their Families.London, England:Unwin Hyman.
  13. Baker, Gus A.,Jacoby, Ann,Buck, Deborah,Stalgis, Carlos,Monnet, Dominque(1997).Quality of Life of People with Epilepsy: A European Study.Epilepsia,38(3),353-362.
  14. Barry, Anne-Marie、Yuill, Chris、郭寶蓮譯、黃俊榮譯(2009)。健康社會學導讀。新北:韋伯。
  15. Bird, Chloe(Ed.),Conrad, Peter(Ed.),Fremont, Allen(Ed.)(2000).Handbook of Medical Sociology.Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall.
  16. Bury, Michael(1982).Chronic Illness as Biographical Disruption.Sociology of Health and Illness,4(2),167-182.
  17. Charmaz, Kathy(1997).Good Days, Bad Days.New Jersey:Rutgers University Press.
  18. Chung, Ming-yao,Chang, Yang-chyuan,Lai, Yen-huei C.,Lai, Chi-wan(1995).Survey of Public Awareness, Understanding, and Attitudes Toward Epilepsy in Taiwan.Epilepsia,36(5),488-493.
  19. Chung, Ming-yao,Chang, Yang-chyuan,Lai, Yen-huei C.,Lai, Chi-wan(1994).Public Awareness, Understanding, and Attitudes toward Epilepsy in a Rural Community in Taiwan.Acta Neurologica Sinica,3(4),200-206.
  20. Ellis, Neil,Upton, Dominic,Thompson, Pam(2000).Epilepsy and the Family: AReview of Current Literature.Seizure,9,22-30.
  21. Goffman, Erving、曾凡慈譯(2010)。汙名:管理受損身分的筆記。臺北:群學。
  22. Green, Gill(2009).The End of Stigma? Changes in the Social Experience of Long-term Illness.London:Routledge.
  23. Greenhalgh, Trisha(Ed.),Hurwitz, Brian(Ed.)(1998).Narrative Based Medicine.London, England:BMJ.
  24. Hung, Anchor TF(2009).Psycho-social Impact of Epilepsy and Issues of Stigma.Medical Bulletin,14(5),15-17.
  25. International League Against Epilepsy,International Bureau for Epilepsy,World Health Organization(2005).Altlas: Epilepsy Care in the World.Geneva:WHO.
  26. Jacoby, Ann(2002).Stigma, Epilepsy, and Quality of Life.Epilepsy & Behavior,3,10-25.
  27. Jacoby, Ann(1994).Felt Versus Enacted Stigma: AConcept Revisited Evidence from a Study of People with Epilepsy in Remission.Social Science & Medicine,38(2),269-274.
  28. Jacoby, Ann,Austin, Joan(2007).Social Stigma for Adult and Children with Epilepsy.Epilesia,48,6-9.
  29. Jacoby, Ann,Gorry, Joanne,Gamble, Carrol,Baker, Gus A.(2004).Public Knowledge, Private Grief: AStudy of Public Attitudes to Epilepsy in the United Kingdom and Implications for Stigma.Epilepsia,45(11),1405-1415.
  30. Lai, Chi-wan,Huang, Xi-shung,Lai, Yen-huei C.,Zhang, Zhi-qian,Liu, Guo-jun,Yang, Meng-zhang(1990).Survey of Public Awareness, Understanding and Attitudes toward Epilepsy in Henan Province, China.Epilepsia,31(2),182-187.
  31. Lee, Sang Ahm(2005).What we confront with employment of people with epilepsy in Korea.Epilepsia,46(suppl.1),57-58.
  32. Morrell, Martha(2002).Stigma and Epilepsy.Epilepsy & Behavior,3,21-25.
  33. Oliver, Michael(1990).The Politics of Disablement.New York:Palgrave Macmillan.
  34. Pan, Beng-siong,Lim, Shin-hui(2000).Public Awareness, Attitudes and Understanding toward Epilepsy among Singaporean Chinese.Neurology Journal of SoutheastAsia,5,5-10.
  35. Roth, Julius A.(Ed.),Conrad, Peter(Ed.)(1987).Research in the Sociology of Health Care: The Experience and Management of Chronic Illness.Greenwich, CT:JAI Press.
  36. Scambler, Graham(2004).Re-framing Stigma: Felt and Enacted Stigma and Challenges to the Sociology of Chronic and Disabling Conditions.Social Theory and Health,2(1),29-46.
  37. Scambler, Graham(1989).Epilepsy.London:Tavistock/Routledge.
  38. Scambler, Graham(2011).Epilepsy, Stigma and Quality of Life.Neurology Asia,16,35 -36.
  39. Scambler, Graham,Hopkins, Anthony(1986).Being Epileptic: Coming to Terms with Stigma.Sociology of Health & Illness,8(1),26-43.
  40. Schneider, Joseph,Conrad, Peter(1981).Medical and Sociological Typologies: The Case of Epilepsy.Social Science & Medicine,15(3),211-219.
  41. Schneider, Joseph,Conrad, Peter(1983).Having Epilepsy: The Experience and Control of Illness.Philadelphia, PA:Temple University Press.
  42. Schneider, Joseph,Conrad, Peter(1980).In the Closet with Illness: Epilepsy, Stigma Potential and Information Control.Social problems,28(1),32-44.
  43. Smeets, Vivian M.J.,van Lierop, Brigitte A.G.,Vanhoutvin, Jos P.G.,Aldenkamp, Albert P.,Nijhuis, Frans J.N.(2007).Epilepsy and Employment: Literature Review.Epilepsy & Behavior,10(3),354-362.
  44. Sontag, Susan、刁曉華譯(2000)。疾病的隱喻。臺北:大田。
  45. 王國羽編、林昭吟編、張恒豪編(2012)。障礙研究理論與政策應用。高雄:巨流。
  46. 田月玄、許敏桃(2007)。臺灣文化脈絡下的女性癲癇患者生病經驗。護理雜誌,54(6),31-40。
  47. 何明修編、林秀幸編(2011)。社會運動的年代─晚近二十年來臺灣的行動主義。臺北:群學。
  48. 林口長庚醫院腦神經內科一科編(2005)。臨床神經學。臺北:合記。
  49. 施美雲(1990)。探討一位癲癇病人的心理反應。護理雜誌,37(4),59-64。
  50. 張恒豪(2006)。必也正名乎:關於障礙者正名與認同的反思。教育社會學通訊,71,3-7。
  51. 張恒豪、顏詩耕(2011)。從慈善邁向權力:臺灣身心障礙福利的發展與挑戰。社區發展季刊,113,402-416。
  52. 張珣(1994)。疾病與文化:臺灣民間醫療人類學研究論集,臺北:
  53. 許志成(2012)。行政院衛生署委託研究行政院衛生署委託研究,行政院衛生署。
  54. 陳秀芳、蔡芸芳(2003)。癲癇病患心理社會反應及調適策略之探討。長庚護理,14(1),21-30。
  55. 陳秀蓉、黃俐綾、黃玉平、楊惠娟(2009)。癲癇兒童家長對癲癇知識與態度量表之初探性應用。臺灣醫學,13(6),547-557。
  56. 臺灣癲癇醫學會(2011)。人間有情,關懷癲癇。臺北:臺灣癲癇醫學會。
  57. 臺灣癲癇醫學會編(2010)。臺灣癲癇醫學會20 週年紀念專刊。臺北:臺灣癲癇醫學會。
  58. 蔡景仁(1994)。,臺北:交通部運輸研究所。
  59. 賴其萬(1998)。癲癇的診斷與治療。當代醫學,25(11),29-36。
  60. 謝東儒、張嘉玲、黃珉蓉(2005)。殘障聯盟發展史。社區發展季刊,109,300-310。
  61. 闕清模(1985)。癲癇病患的社會心理適應問卷調查。醫學研究,6(2),165-183。
被引用次数
  1. 許文宜(2017)。癲癇患者疾病知識、自我效能、自我管理及社會支持與生活品質之相關探討。義守大學醫務管理學系學位論文。2017。1-84。