英文摘要
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Emperor Qianlong once had many paintings produced whose layout is similar and based on Human Figue without Caption, a Song painting in his royal court collection. On all of them is handwritten by the Emperor "It's both sole and dual, neither joint nor separate. Either Confucianism or Mohism works; why fret and ruminate?" Hence it is titled Shiyishiertu (painting of sole and dual) . This article, examining pertinent historical circumstances, seeks to discuss the conditions of bizhen (reality-approximating) objects in the paintings as well as how this is plausible at that historical juncture so that the features of those paintings may stand out. Next, by utilizing concepts of "front stage" and "back stage" in the theoretical framework by the sociologist Erving Goffman which analyzes human interaction, we may arrive at the understanding that, in contrast to the "front stage" Qianlong, Shiyishiertu exhibits the leisure-in-the-midst-of-hectic-duties image of the Emperor in the back stage. By juxtaposing the assaults on the emperor's private life and moral character in the Zeng Jing case during the Yongzheng reign, we realize that this accusation is rooted in the belief "Those who do not belong to us ethnically must be alien at heart," which points directly to the alleged fact that the backstage image of the Manchurian emperor must be too indecent to learn of. In contrast to Yongzheng's coping strategy of massively exposing royal privacy in Dayijuemilu (Records of great righteousness resolving confusion) compiled under the Yongzheng's guidance, in the case of Xiyixiertu, the fact that the backstage image of Qianlong dressed as a Han literatus happens to be the most common frontsage image of Han literati not only forges another self-image of Qianlong other than that of the emperor but at the same time serves as a response to the questioning of the Han people over his identity as well.
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