論政治拜物教－從布赫迪厄的視角出發

On Political Fetishism-From the Perspective of Bourdieu

賴曉黎(Shau-lee Lai)

委任 ； 剝奪 ； 象徵暴力 ； 政治拜物教 ； delegation ； dispossession ； symbolic violence ； political fetishism

思與言：人文與社會科學期刊

60卷4期（2022 / 12 / 01）

194 - 241

英文

根源於社會分類場域的不平等，政治場域的不平等呈現為政治才能的承認與誤認。在這種象徵暴力的作用下，政治才能界定了參與政治場域的能力與資格。通過委任與專業主義排除的結構，自我棄權的政治無能者為了避免政治異化採取了自我異化，為了避免政治剝奪選擇了自我剝奪。然而，委任者對授權者的政治剝奪，讓無能者更無能、更依賴委任者，政治剝奪帶來更多的自我剝奪。這裡我們要注意的是：剝奪不是已有權利的移轉或割讓，相反的，剝奪是自我剝奪與政治剝奪的循環，是委任過程的必然。可以說，委任即剝奪。因此，所謂委任之謎即：將委任過程的社會關係實體化，讓委任者從委任關係中轉化為獨立自存者。如此，委任者游移於我與我們之間。在他的任意專斷下，將他對世界的觀點與區分認作群體的世界觀，並在承認與誤認的雙重過程中，強加到群體之上；同時，通過授權者將這種世界觀自然化，在隱含的信仰下自我棄權並完全依賴於委任者。這樣，我們到達了以象徵暴力為基礎的政治拜物教。

Rooted in inequality in field of the social class, the inequality in the political field appears as recognition and misrecognition of political competence. With this symbolic violence, political competence defines the ability and qualifications to participate in the political field. Through the structure of exclusion of delegation and professionalism, self-abstaining political incompetents have adopted self-alienation in order to avoid political alienation and have chosen self-dispossession in order to avoid political dispossession. However, the political dispossession of the mandators by the delegates makes the incompetent even more incompetent and more dependent on the delegates. Political dispossession brings more self-dispossession What I should note here is that dispossession is not a shift or alien of existing rights. On the contrary, dispossession is a cycle of self- dispossession and political deprivation, and it is the inevitable of the delegation process. It can be said that delegation is dispossession. Therefore, the so-called mystery of delegation is to substantiate the social relationship of the delegation process and allow the delegates to transform from the delegation relationship into an independent substance. In this way, the delegates moved between me and us. Under his arbitrariness, he regarded his vision and division of the world as the group's worldview, and imposed it on the group in the dual process of recognition and misrecognition; at the same time, naturalized this worldview through the mandators, in fides implicita and relied entirely on delegates. In this way, we have reached a political fetishism based on symbolic violence.

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