記名單證引起的法律不同意見

The Deviation of Views in Judgments of Straight Documents of Shipping

10.6416/SLR.200810.0283

王肖卿(Christina Wang)

載貨證券或提單 ； 記名提單 ； 海運單 ； 承攬運送人 ； 放貨，論時租船 ； 論程租船 ； Bills of Lading ； Straight B/L ； Sea Waybills ； Freight Forwarder ； Release of Cargo ； time charter ； voyage charter

東吳法律學報

20卷2期（2008 / 10 / 01）

283 - 304

繁體中文

記名單證為受貨人名稱直接寫在「受貨人」欄位之單證，與一般受貨人欄位填寫「待指示」(to order)之指示單證有別。常見的記名單證有記名提單與海運單，兩者由於的表面相近，法律性質殊異，常產生糾紛，復因各國法律對這兩種單證的規定亦有異，或者若干國內法對於後者未定位，故司法判決結果在不同的國家遂有不同。本文除比較該兩種單證的不同，釐清這些困擾之外，亦探討海運為方便而發展出之放貨方式，以及可能引起之新糾紛，以便將來面對問題時能有所因應。

Consignee's name stated in shipping documents are in contrast with most shipping documents only ”to order” stated in the column of ”Consignee”. Currently such documents mostly being used include ”Straight Bills of Lading” and ”Sea Waybills”. The variations of statutes of nations and different explanation on each case have caused deviation of judgments. Shipping practice developed more complicated situation caused more problems. Newly developed practice of telegram cargo- release system is used the similar method with above mentioned kinds of documents. This paper is to deal with the character of both documents from approaches of stipulation and interpretation of each law, from cases concerned with shipping practice, as well as from views of the interests of shipping practices. The paper is also deal with the statutes to avoid future problems.

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