身體與死亡的再造：前現代義大利的喪禮、解剖、與聖骸崇拜

Remaking Death and the Body: Funeral, Disserction, and the Cult of Relics in Early Modern Italy

10.6637/CWLQ.2003.31(9).67-94

林錥鋕(Yuh-Jyh Lin)

文化再造 ； 屍體 ； 喪禮 ； 解剖 ； 聖骸 ； 切割 ； 完整性 ； 文化之身 ； 物質之身 ； 標準造形 ； 社會距離 ； 文化資本 ； 社會臉譜 ； 集體性

中外文學

31卷9期（2003 / 02 / 01）

67 - 94

繁體中文

本文探討文化再造如何賦予屍體社會生命、位階與文化價值，使它重新參與社會互動和交易。首部討論解剖如何違背義大利喪禮的屍體再造方式，藉以突顯其再造邏輯與模式對家族尊嚴的關鍵。其次，為了化解社會衝突，最後義大利各大學規定只有外地人的屍體才能解剖。這個規定暗示身分不同者的屍體真有不同位階與價值。因此首部結尾提出以「社會距離」來解釋身體的位階和社會對不同的身體或屍體所表現的不同態度和行為，而這也正是第二部份的主題。這部份藉著一則小故事以及聖者彼德的一段話，一方面討論解剖用的外地人屍體和聖骸在社會位階與文化價值上的對比；二方面延續第一部份屍體文化再造的討論，分析聖骸如何透過文化再造而獲得崇高的位階與價值；三方面討論社群成員在面對不同社會位階的身體時如何透過肢體語言表達不同的社會距離，並進而分析這種互動方式的社會規範與社會建構之間的關係。

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