詭奇的伊莉沙白．筑呂：從唐恩的〈一週年：對世界的解剖〉看文藝復興解剖學的合法性危機

Uncanny Elizabeth Drury: Revisit the Legitimation Crisis of Renaissance Anatomy via John Donne's ＂The First Anniversarie: An Anatomie of the World＂

10.6637/CWLQ.2003.31(9).95-129

邱彥彬(Yen-Bin Chiou)

個別性 ； 普遍性 ； 二度行刑 ； 女性理型

中外文學

31卷9期（2003 / 02 / 01）

95 - 129

繁體中文

在文藝復興時期，凡賽利斯（Andreas Vesalius）不僅在解剖學的典範移轉上扮演了重要的角色，撼搖了蓋倫（Galen）與其他古典解剖學權威的地位，同時也在學院外掀起了一陣解剖學的熱潮：16世紀中葉以降，英國詩壇以“anatomie”為題的詩作大量問世即是一例。不過凡賽利斯所推動的解剖學現代化工程並非毫無阻礙；時人眼中解剖學者對屍體開膛剖腹的殘酷形象正是造成解剖學合法性危機的主因之一。本文第一部份將以凡賽利斯《論人體結構》中的幾幅插圖為例，說明他如何以帶有普遍性的道德訓示或美學價值的解剖圖來掩蓋解剖者施加在個別屍體上的殘酷。在第二、三部份，本文把唐恩（John Donne）在1611年為紀念筑呂（Elizabeth Drury）去世週年而出版的〈一週年：對世界的解剖〉視為對此類危機處理的一項反動：與凡賽利斯以普遍性抹煞個別性的作法迴異，詩人在解剖世界、哀悼女性理型淪喪之際，筑呂這位個別主體不僅未遭真有普遍性的女性理型所置換，反倒是以極為詭奇之姿變成世界屍體的一部份於詩中出沒，更在詩末尾瓦解了普遍的女性理型。

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