創傷、記憶與美洲歷史之再現：閱讀席爾珂《沙丘花園》與荷岡《靈力》

10.6637/CWLQ.2005.33(8).69-105

黃心雅

創傷 ； 記憶 ； 美洲歷史 ； 席爾珂 ； 荷岡 ； trauma ； memory ； America's histories ； Leslie Marmon Silko ； Linda Hogan

中外文學

33卷8期（2005 / 01 / 01）

69 - 105

繁體中文

本論文由美國原住民部落史觀發聲，將論證創傷與記憶的格局放寬，人的部落位處山海交界間，而現代文明又近在咫尺，創傷書寫不僅指向人類歷史與文化的傷殘，更有來自大地／自然傷口的展演，關係所及不僅演繹原住民部落不同於西方文明看待歷史的觀點與位置，更涉及不同於西方文明的宇宙世界觀（worldviews）與物質實踐（material practice）。凡此種種，原住民文化論者克魯帕特（Krupat）稱之為「部落史觀」，即將「歷史」開放為「美洲多部／族歷史」（America's histories）的複數多元，認為美洲史根植於地理大發現後的部族與土地的疾病及創傷記憶，是原住民生命風景、文化性格「真相的具現」，人與自然創傷符號相應、轉換，摒棄西方史學的人本中心（anthropocentrism），由創傷記憶的書寫到美洲歷史的考掘，本論文舉取席爾珂（Leslie Marmon Silko）的小說《沙丘花園》（Gardens in the Dunes, 1999）與荷岡（Linda Hogan）的小說《靈力》（Power, 1998）為例，以原住民見證再現創傷事件，超越史實，銜接現世與祖靈、俗世與神聖，被排除在歷史之外的原住民藉由「看‧見」，重新建構歷史，從事件「當中」述說，走出「歷史之外」，論文以創傷、記憶與美洲歷史再現之原住民典範的萌現（emergence）作結。

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