描述、想像與翻譯主體性：馬華文學理論批評案例

Description, Imagination and Trans-Planting Subjectivity: A Case of Mahua Literary's Critical Theory

10.6637/CWLQ.2006.34(10).43-60

莊華興(Fah-Hing Chong)

馬華文學 ； 主體性 ； 文化翻譯 ； 馬華文學意識 ； Mahua literature ； subjectivity ； cultural translation ； perception on Mahua literature

中外文學

34卷10期（2006 / 03 / 01）

43 - 60

繁體中文

身份與主體性是一種心理需要。作為後殖民語境下的新興文學支系，馬華文學對主體與身份屬性的追求始終沒有間斷。從二戰前左翼文學的自覺性探索開始，到內部的分化與徹底決裂，除了顯示馬華文學對身份追求的迫切感，亦充分彰顯其困惑與焦慮。獨立建國以後，國家意識形態的介入使身份主體的確立愈形複雜與艱難，也衍生了主體性認知的新問題。從對文學史撰述角度的質疑到理論建構的取角與自我合理化，無不一再揭示問題的本質。但卻少有論者針對爭論背后的理論挪用／迻譯問題進行檢視，如迻譯的適切性與取法問題、對歷史航道的干預與概念轉換等等。因而造就了當下馬華文學意識的模糊性。這也是本文嘗試探討的焦點。

Identity and subjectivity are psychological needs. As a tributary of new emergent literature in the context of post-colonial era, the pursuits of subjectivity and self-identity of Malaysian Literature in Chinese (normally known as Mahua Literature) had never come to an end. Beginning with the intention explored by the literary leftist during the pre-war period, up to the internal conflict and complete split between the writers-journalists in Chinese Communist Party and Malayan Communist Party right after the war, the phenomena had shown the impelling pursuit of Mahua Literature in conjunction with the searching of self-identity. Meanwhile, it also manifested the perplexity and anxiety of the literary tradition. After the emergence of the new nation, the intervention of national discourse has placed the task in a more sophisticated and rigorous position, and hence brought about new problems pertaining the recognition of subjectivity. Started from the doubt of the approach regarding the writing of literary history, up to theoretic construction and self-rationalization by certain critics, finally the nature of the problems had surfaced. Nonetheless, few observers were aware of it, or tried to look into the consequence of theoretic acculturation apart from the polemic, such as suitability of the trans-planting approach, intervention to the historical trajectory, the problem of conceptual switching, etc. Not surprising to say that these had led to certain obscurity in term of perception on Mahua literature today. And this article tries to focus on the topic.

1. 林建國(2000)。方修論。中外文學，29(4)
   連結：
2. (1993).The Clash of Civilizations.Foreign Affairs,72(3)
3. Basnett, Susan,Lefevere, Andre(2000).Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation.
4. Boehmer, Elleke(1998)。殖民與後殖民文學。
5. Bourdieu、 Pierre(1984).Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste.
6. Ong, Aihwa,Nonini, Donald M.(1997).Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism.
7. 方修(1987)。戰後馬華文學史初稿〈1945-1956〉。
8. 方修(1975)。馬華文學史稿。
9. 方修(1986)。馬華新文學簡史。
10. 王潤華(1990)。從「雙重傳統」、「多元文學中心」看世界華文文學。亞洲華文作家雜誌，25
11. 王潤華, Yoon-Wah(2002).Post-Colonial Chinese Literatures in Singapore and Malaysia.
12. 王潤華(2001)。華文後殖民文學：中國、東南亞的個案研究。
13. 王潤華(2001)。華文後殖民文學：本土多元文化的思考。
14. 王賡武, Gung-Wu.Diaspora: A Much Abused Word Asian Affairs: an American Review.
15. 王賡武, Gung-Wu(2001).Don't Leave Home: Migration and the Chinese.
16. 王賡武, Gung-Wu,Wang, Ling-chi(1998).The Chinese Diaspora: Selected Essays (Vol. 1).
17. 朱崇科(2004)。區域華文文學：離散中國性與流動本土性。南洋商報
18. 朱崇科(2004)。如何「世華」，怎樣本土？：反思區域華文文學研究的限制與進路。南洋商報
19. 朱崇科(2004)。本土性的糾葛：邊緣放逐、「南洋」虛構、本土迷思。
20. 周策縱(1989)。東南亞華文文學。
21. 張貴興(1999)。巴都。聯合文學，174
22. 張錦忠(2004)。重寫馬華文學史論文集。
23. 張錦忠(1997)。文學影響與文學複系統之興起。
24. 張錦忠(2003)。南洋論述：馬華文學與文化屬性。
25. 莊華興(2004)。2004年臺灣的東南亞區域研究年度研討會。
26. 莊華興(2005)。伊的故事：馬來新文學研究／Yang Empunya Cerita: A Critical Study on Modern Malay Literature。
27. 莊華興(2004)。南洋大學史論集。
28. 陳大為(2001)。躍入隱喻的雨林：導讀當代的馬華文學。誠品好讀月報，13
29. 黃錦樹(1998)。馬華文學與中國性。
30. 楊松年(2000)。戰前新馬文學本地意識的形成與發展。
31. 楊松年(1997)。東南亞文化衝突與整合。
32. 楊松年(2001)。新華文學歷程及走向。
33. 廖七一(2000)。當代西方翻譯理論探索。
34. 蔣淑貞(2005)。去國、汶化、華文？學術研討會。