詩學之於生命恆餘　阿甘本論述中詩學藝術作為生命－形式典範之可能

A Poetic Life of Potentiality-Poetry as a Paradigm of Form-of-Life in Giorgio Agamben

10.6637/CWLQ.2015.44(3).105-148

楊志偉(Julian Chih-Wei Yang)

生命－形式 ； 生命恆餘 ； 典範 ； 能（不）力 ； 無為之為 ； 詩學語言 ； 詩學生命共群 ； form-of-life ； potentiality ； paradigm ； (im-)potentiality ； (in-)operativity ； poetic language ； poetic community

中外文學

44卷3期（2015 / 09 / 01）

105 - 148

繁體中文

本文旨在探究在阿甘本的著作中，詩學藝術如何作為生命－形式（form-of-life）之典範（paradigm），指引生命的「恆餘」對抗主權「暴力」的可能。本文分成六部分：頭兩部分先說明阿甘本著作中，「生命」與「餘」之間的兩種不同關連，勾勒其所謂生命－形式、典範等概念，並解釋生命－形式如何也是某種「典範生命」（paradigmatic life），因此可以成為某種生命恆餘。再來，則回顧阿甘本對亞里斯多德（Aristotle）與但丁（Dante Alighieri）的閱讀，以釐清西方思想中能力（potentiality）與作為（activity）兩者與生命政治問題的關係，並藉此提出某種得以呈現、保存餘力的生命－形式運作。第四部分回到阿甘本對於現代性美學與語言能力的討論，說明詩學對於生命－形式實踐的重要性。接著，本文聚焦詩學經驗如何對生命產生質變，發展出某種詩學公共生命，抗衡主權的暴力機制。最後，本文將略談阿甘本論述中烏托邦傾向的問題，說明其政治構想其實是種「非－非烏托邦」（non-non-utopian）。

In this essay, I examine how Giorgio Agamben assigns poetry a paradigmatic status in his ＂form-of-life＂-a positive, inexhaustible potentiality (＂potenza＂) inherent in life that resists the violence of the biopolitical sovereignty. First, I review how sovereign power (＂potere＂) and life are put into play in Agamben, and expound on his definition of form-of-life as a life of potentiality. Then, I turn to his conception of paradigm and address how form-oflife also takes the form of a paradigmatic life. Next, I discuss his critique of the biopolitical logic implied in Aristotle and explain how he, borrowing from Dante, constitutes form-of-life as a politics of (im-) potentiality and (in-) activity, or of an (in-) operativity which both exposes and conserves potentiality. After that, I move to Agamben's writings about aesthetics, poetry, and language in modernity. The purpose is to demonstrate how poetic language exemplifies a linguistic use that restores human language to its potential state and thus suggests an access to form-of-life. In the fifth part, I broach how poetry contributes to a new life beyond the shadow of death and negativity implied by biopolitics and to a possible poetic community beyond the logic of sovereign ＂dispositif＂. The key is: to experience the poetic use of language is to live a poetic life, a potential form-of-life realized both singularly and commonly. In the end, I will clarify the ＂non-non-utopian＂ stance of Agamben's political thinking.

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