斷裂與持恆　精神分析化政治或政治化精神分析？

Rupture and Consistency-Psychoanalyzing Politics or Politicizing Psychoanalysis?

10.6637/CWLQ.2015.44(3).149-176

吳建亨(Chien-Heng Wu)

紀傑克 ； 巴迪烏 ； 主體 ； 精神分析與政治 ； Zizek ； Badiou ； the subject ； psychoanalysis and politics

中外文學

44卷3期（2015 / 09 / 01）

149 - 176

繁體中文

在1999年發行的《神經質主體》（＂The Ticklish Subject＂）中，紀傑克指出巴迪烏對精神分析的批判忽略了死亡驅力的激進性。然而，在幾年前一場與巴迪烏的辯論，紀傑克被與會人士問及現今是否仍抱持與當初相同的批判，他一反常態地回應：「我當時略帶疑問地說服我自已精神分析的過程即具政治性，甚至認為所有政治活動與分析過程能相互對應……我現在已放棄此觀點。我已不認為精神分析的結論⋯⋯能作為政治實踐的一種真正的形式」（＂Philosophy＂ 102-03）。紀傑克的告解不僅促使我們重審精神分析與政治之間的關係，其自我批判似乎也暗示著巴迪烏在《主體理論》（＂Theory of the Subject＂）中對精神分析的批判具相當程度的正當性。本文以此為起點，探討紀傑克早期對巴迪烏批判的洞見與不見，並透過兩者對主體看法的歧異，解釋精神分析與政治的關係中形構性（constitutive）與對應性（correlative）的差別所產生出不同的政治與倫理意涵。本文結論指出，精神分析對政治主體的建／解構仍具相當的啟發，但若要尋求更進一步的發展，精神分析必須超越對否定性（negativity）的執念，發展一種能在本體論層次接受匱乏的立論，也能在現象層次發展主體過程，闡述、展演並組織匱乏所帶來的效應。

In ＂The Ticklish Subject＂, published in 1999, Žižek took issue with Badiou's criticism of psychoanalysis as providing an insufficient mode of inquiry into political practice. Years later, when confronted with a question whether he still subscribed to his earlier appraisal of Badiou's work, Žižek reversed his position: ＂I told myself with doubts that this [analytic] process is political, even that any political activity correlates with it. I've now abandoned that. I don't believe any more that the conclusion of psychoanalysis is...the authentic form of political engagement＂ (＂Philosophy＂ 102-03). The present study examines the debate between Žižek and Badiou, and identifies how the relationship between psychoanalysis and politics is configured in their writings-whereas Badiou conceives of their relationship as constitutive but not equivalent, Žižek, at least in his early writings, tends to overemphasize this constitutive relationship and suggests a relation of correlation. In the conclusion, I argue that in order for psychoanalysis to remain a valid partner in the conversation about politics, attention needs to be paid as much to the moment of rupture as to the question of consistency that involves not just a parallax view into the ontological incompleteness of the Other but also a sustained investigation into the post-evental consequences, especially questions concerning organization and duration.

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1. 吳建亨(Chien-heng Wu)(2021)。非關係之關係：論傅柯權力分析中微觀與巨觀的皺摺與辯證復振的可能。中外文學。50(3)。55-89。