巴迪烏的尼采：反哲學與大政治

Badiou's Nietzsche: Anti-philosophy and Great Politics

10.6637/CWLQ.201809_47(3).0002

吳建亨(Chien-heng Wu)

巴迪烏 ； 尼采 ； 反哲學 ； 專名 ； 大政治 ； Badiou ； Nietzsche ； anti-philosophy ； proper name ； great politics

中外文學

47卷3期（2018 / 09 / 30）

21 - 56

繁體中文

巴迪烏於一九八零年代後期宣稱「哲學的回歸」，目的是在「哲學已死」的後現代喧嘩中重申哲學的主要性。巴迪烏運用兩種方式重申哲學主要性，一種是正面定義哲學所處理的議題與任務；另一種則以負面論辯形式，透過對非哲學立場（包括詭辯學與反哲學）的標記，重新思考現代哲學關於存有、主體與真理三大主軸。本文在巴迪烏真理哲學的背景下，以尼采的反哲學為經，大政治為緯，論述巴迪烏筆下尼采的特異性，其侷限與對哲學的啟發。論文分為三大區塊：第一部分討論劃界判準的分類問題；第二部分處理海德格與德勒茲對尼采的閱讀與巴迪烏對兩人的批判，藉此突顯巴迪烏閱讀上的介入性（非註釋性）之策略；第三部分闡述尼采作為反哲學家如何構思一種新的（反）哲學與（大）政治的關係，並佐以巴迪烏的真理哲學做對照。論文結論指出，雖然巴迪烏對尼采的評論都是在真理哲學的基礎上展開，但反哲學對哲學本身的定位仍有無可取代的意義，絕非是可有可無的附屬衍生品，也不是單純成就哲學回歸的次要範疇。巴迪烏強調，反哲學是哲學回歸與轉向不可或缺的形構性條件；哲學並非先於反哲學，事實上，「哲學永遠都是反哲學的繼承者」。

In the late 1980s, Alain Badiou embarked on the project, ＂the (re)turn of philosophy,＂ to assert the primacy of philosophy amidst the postmodern brouhaha that had pronounced its death. To achieve this, Badiou adopted two approaches: first, a positive definition of philosophy, dealing with central issues and tasks faced by philosophy; second, negative polemics, demarcating the non-philosophical positions (including sophistics and antiphilosophy) in order to rethink the categories of being, subjectivity, and truth in modern philosophy. This paper examines the singular aspects of Nietzsche's anti-philosophy and great politics, exploring their contribution to the advent of philosophical modernity as well as the limitation it places on the development of contemporary philosophy. The paper is divided into three parts. The first discusses the question of demarcation; the second looks at Badiou's reading of Heidegger's and Deleuze's interpretations of Nietzsche; the final section elaborates on the relation of (anti)philosophy and (great) politics in Nietzsche from within the framework of Badiou's own philosophy of truth. In conclusion, I argue that although anti-philosophy is something to be overcome, it is not something philosophy can do without. In fact, antiphilosophy is constitutive of philosophy's (re)turn to itself. ＂Philosophy,＂ as Badiou puts it, ＂is always the heir to anti-philosophy.＂

1. Wu, Chien-heng(2015).Determining the Determination: Some Reflections on the Figure of Two in the Discourse of Emancipation.Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies,41(2),9-44.
   連結：
2. 吳建亨, Chien-heng(2015)。斷裂與持恆：精神分析化政治或政治化精神分析？。中外文學，44(3)，149-176。
   連結：
3. Acampora, Christa Davis,Ansell-Pearson, Keith(2011).Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil.New York:Continuum.
4. Anderson, Perry(1984).Modernity and Revolution.New Left Review,I(144),96-113.
5. Ansell-Pearson, Keith(ed.)(1991).Nietzsche and Modern German Thought.New York:Routledge.
6. Badiou, Alain. L’Antiphilosophie de Nietzsche 1992-1993. Entre Temps. Web. Accessed 4 Feb. 2017.
7. Badiou, Alain(1992).Casser en deux l’histoire du monde?.Paris:Les Confrerence du Perroquet.
8. Badiou, Alain, Toscano, Alberto(Trans.)(2001).Who is Nietzsche?.Pli,11,1-11.
9. Badiou, Alain,Bosteels, Bruno(Trans.)(2009).Theory of the Subject.London:Continuum.
10. Badiou, Alain,Bosteels, Bruno(Trans.)(2011).Wittgenstein's Antiphilosophy.London:Verso.
11. Badiou, Alain,Brassier, Ray(Trans.)(2003).Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism.Stanford:Stanford UP.
12. Badiou, Alain,Cassin, Barbara,Spitzer, Susan(trans.),Reinhard, Kenneth(trans.)(2017).There's No Such Thing as a Sexual Relationship: Two Lessons on Lacan.New York:Columbia UP.
13. Badiou, Alain,Corcoran, Steven(trans.)(2008).Conditions.New York:Continuum.
14. Badiou, Alain,Feltham, Oliver(trans.)(2006).Being and Event.New York:Continuum.
15. Badiou, Alain,Fulks, Barbara P.(Trans.)(2003).Of an Obscure Disaster: On the End of the Truth of State.Lacanian Ink,22,58-89.
16. Badiou, Alain,Hallward, Peter(Interview)(1998).Politics and Philosophy: An Interview with Alain Badiou.Angelaki: Journal of Theoretical Humanities,3(3),113-133.
17. Badiou, Alain,Hallward, Peter(trans.)(2001).Ethics: An Essay on the Understanding of Evil.London:Verso.
18. Badiou, Alain,Macey, David(Trans.)(2009).Pocket Pantheon.London:Verso.
19. Badiou, Alain,Madarasz, Norman(Trans.)(1999).Manifesto for Philosophy.Albany:SUNY P.
20. Badiou, Alain,Toscano, Alberto(trans.)(2007).The Century.Malden, MA:Polity.
21. Badiou, Alain,Toscano, Alberto(Trans.)(2009).Logics of Worlds: Being and Event 2.New York:Continuum.
22. Balibar, Étienne,Turner, Chris(Trans.)(2007).The Philosophy of Marx.London:Verso.
23. Bartlett, A.J.(ed.),Clemens, Justin(ed.)(2010).Alain Badiou: Key Concepts.Durham:Acumen.
24. Bosteels, Bruno(2008).Radical Antiphilosophy.Filozofski Vestnik,29(2),155-187.
25. Bosteels, Bruno(2013).Nietzsche, Badiou, and Grand Politics: An Antiphilosophical Reading.Nietzsche and Political Thought,London:
26. Bowden, Sean(ed.),Duffy, Simon(ed.)(2012).Badiou and Philosophy.Edinburgh:Edinburgh UP.
27. Cassin, Barbara(2000).Who's Afraid of the Sophists? Against Ethical Correctness.Hypatia,15(4),102-120.
28. Corcoran, Steven(ed.)(2015).The Badiou Dictionary.Edinburgh:Edinburgh UP.
29. Deleuze, Gilles(1978).Nomad Thought.Semiotext(e),3(1),12-21.
30. Deleuze, Gilles,Tomlinson, Hugh(Trans.)(2006).Nietzsche and Philosophy.New York:Columbia UP.
31. Drochon, Hugo(2016).Nietzsche's Great Politics.Princeton:Princeton UP.
32. Grigg, Russell(2008).Lacan, Language, and Philosophy.Albany:SUNY P.
33. Heidegger, Martin,Krell, David Farrell(ed. trans.),Stambauch, Joan(trans.),Capuzzi, Frank A.(trans.)(1991).Nietzsche Volumes. Three and Four.San Francisco:HarperSanFrancisco.
34. Helsel, Heghan(2013).A (W)Holy Human Subject?: Saintliness and Antiphilosophy in the Work of Alain Badiou.The Postmodern Saints of France,London:
35. Jameson, Fredric(2009).Valences of the Dialectic.London:Verso.
36. Johnston, Adrian(2015).This Philosophy Which Is Not One: Jean-Claude Milner, Alain Badiou, and Lacanian Antiphilosophy.S: Journal of the Circle for Lacanian Ideology Critique,3,137-158.
37. Lacan, Jacques,Mehlman, Jeffrey(trans.)(1990).Television: A Challenge to the Psychoanalytic Establishment.New York:Norton.
38. Lacan, Jacques,Miller, Jacques-Alain(ed.),Grigg, Russell(Trans.)(2007).Seminar XVII: The Other Side of Psychoanalysis.New York:Norton.
39. Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe(1990).Heidegger, Art and Politics.Oxford:Basil Blackwell.
40. Lampert, Laurence(2001).Nietzsche's Task.New Haven:Yale UP.
41. McIntyre, Alex(1997).The Sovereignty of Joy: Nietzsche's Vision of Grand Politics.Toronto:U of Toronto P.
42. McLennan, Matthew R.(2015).Philosophy, Sophistry, Antiphilosophy.London:Bloomsbury.
43. Nietzsche, Friedrich,Horstmann, Rolf-Peter(ed.),Norman, Judith(ed. trans.)(2002).Beyond Good and Evil.Cambridge:Cambridge UP.
44. Nietzsche, Friedrich,Kaufmann, Walter(ed. trans.),Hollingdale, R.J.(trans.)(1968).The Will to Power.New York:Vintage.
45. Nietzsche, Friedrich,Middleton, Christopher(ed. trans.)(1996).Selected Letters of Friedrich Nietzsche.Indianapolis:Hackett.
46. Nietzsche, Friedrich,Ridley, Aaron(ed.),Norman, Judith(ed. trans.)(2005).The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols, and Other Writings.Cambridge:Cambridge UP.
47. Rancière, Jacques,Rose, Julie(Trans.)(1999).Dis-Agreement: Politics and Philosophy.Minneapolis:U of Minnesota P.
48. Riera, Gabriel(ed.)(2005).Alain Badiou: Philosophy and Its Conditions.Albany:SUNY P.
49. Shapiro, Gary(2016).Nietzsche's Earth: Great Events, Great Politics.Chicago:U of Chicago P.
50. Staten, Henry(1990).Nietzsche's Voice.Ithaca:Cornell UP.
51. Žižek, Slavoj(ed.),Douzinas, Costas(ed.)(2010).The Idea of Communism.London:Verso.
52. Zupančič, Alenka(2003).The Shortest Shadow.Cambridge, MA:MIT P.
53. 尼采, Friedrich,余鴻榮（譯）, Hong-rong(trans.)(1983).查拉圖斯特拉如是說.台北=Taipei:志文=Zhi Wen Press.
54. 尼采, Friedrich,李超杰（譯）, Chao-jie(trans.)(2009).偶像的黃昏.北京=Beijing:商務=Commercial Press.

1. 吳建亨(Chien-heng Wu)(2021)。非關係之關係：論傅柯權力分析中微觀與巨觀的皺摺與辯證復振的可能。中外文學。50(3)。55-89。