控制社會中的昆蟲式反抗：以《Psycho-Pass心靈判官》為例

Lessons of Swarm-Style Resistance in the Societies of Control from the Psycho-Pass Series

10.6637/CWLQ.201912_48(4).0004

林宛瑄(Wan-shuan Lin)

《Psycho-Pass心靈判官》 ； 規訓社會 ； 控制社會 ； 蟲群政治 ； 臉性 ； 擬態 ； 流變為不可察覺 ； Psycho-pass Series ； disciplinary societies ； the societies of control ； politics of swarms ； faciality ； mimicry ； becoming-imperceptible

中外文學

48卷4期（2019 / 12 / 31）

91 - 126

繁體中文

傅柯觀察十八世紀十九世紀的歐洲社會，提出了規訓社會一詞，指涉仰賴各種拘禁場所或管制場所的權力運作模式。德勒茲則指出，到了二十世紀初，因應遍布的網路與各種監控科技的發明，權力的運作已經脫離這些場所的侷限。面對鋪天蓋地的新興數位監控體系，我們是否還有反抗權力體制的可能性？可能的話又是如何發生？不論是從數位生物科技如何組構社會或是網絡型政治組織興起的角度切入，不少當代論者都以昆蟲做為方法來探討當代社會的權力運作模式與從事反抗的可能性，也一再指出「蟲群政治」（politics of swarms）的內在矛盾或說曖昧性。本論文將從上述脈絡出發，以《Psycho-Pass心靈判官》動畫系列為例，探討在控制社會中進行昆蟲式反抗的可能性。本人主張在昆蟲模式的曖昧性中找到驅動流變為蟲群的張力，乃是昆蟲式反抗動力迸發之處；而「無臉」昆蟲對「臉性」概念的衝擊，以及擬態所帶動的流變為不可察覺（becoming-imperceptible）邏輯，則提供了昆蟲式反抗的行動策略。

The beginning of the 20th century witnessed the invention of digital networks and new surveillance technologies. New paradigms of control, according to Gilles Deleuze, thereafter pervade modern societies. With an all-encompassing and sophisticated digital system of surveillance immersing itself in every aspect of the society, is resistance possible at all? And how might it be possible? A number of scholars have employed the notions of insects and swarms to investigate the impact of information technology and biotechnology on society as well as the configuration of network political organizations. Many find the insect metaphor useful in analyzing the relationship of resistance to power in control societies. However, since swarming can inform both modes of resistance and control, repeated references to contradictions within the socalled ＂politics of swarms＂ have been raised. This paper takes as its aim to explore applicable strategies to cultivate resistance while circumventing its inherent contradictions. The Psycho-pass Series is drawn as an example to set up a swarm-style resistance in control societies. Two of the most noteworthy lessons from the series would be swarming without a face to undermine the machine of faciality and resorting to mimicry to trigger the process of becoming-imperceptible.

1. 黃宗慧, Tsung-huei(2018)。不可能悅納（寄生）昆蟲？：動物倫理的蟲蟲危機。中外文學，47(2)，9-46。
   連結：
2. “Psycho-pass.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 13 May 2019. Web. 31 May 2019.
3. 〈Psycho-pass《心靈判官》3部劇場版2019年接連公開〉。“Psycho-pass Xin Ling Pan Guan sanbu juchang ban 2019 nien jielien gongkai” [3 Psycho-Pass Movies Are to Be Released in 2019]。《ETtoday遊戲雲》ETtoday Game Cloud。2018年3月9日。網路。2019年4月20日[9 Mar. 2018. Web. 20 Apr. 2019]。
4. Agamben, Gorgio(1993).The Coming Community.Minneapolis:U of Minnesota P.
5. Arquilla, John,Ronfeldt, David(2000).Swarming and the Future of Conflict.Santa Monica:RAND.
6. Bogard, William(2011).Surveillance Assemblages and Lines of Flight.Theorizing Surveillance: The Panopticon and Beyond,London:
7. Bogard, William(2009).Deleuze and Machines: A Politics of Technology.Deleuze and New Technology,Edinburgh:
8. Bogue, Ronald(2003).Deleuze on Music, Painting, and the Arts.New York:Routlege.
9. Braidotti, Rosi(2002).Metamorphosis: Towards a Materialist Theory of Becoming.Cambridge:Polity.
10. Braidotti, Rosi(2006).Transpositions: On Nomadic Ethics.Cambridge:Polity.
11. Brown, Eric C.(2006).Performing Insects in Shakespeare’s Coriolanus.Insect Poetics,Minneapolis:
12. Brown, Eric C.(ed.)(2006).Insect Poetics,Minneapolis:
13. Bukatman, Scott(1993).Terminal Identity: The Virtual Subject in Post-modern Science Fiction.Durham:Duke UP.
14. Caillois, Roger,Shepley, Johan(trans.)(1984).Mimicry and Legendary Psychasthenia.October,31,16-32.
15. Caluya, Gilbert(2010).The Post-panoptic Society?-Reassessing Foucault in Surveillance Studies.Social Identities,16(5),621-633.
16. Campana, Joseph(2010).The Bee and the Sovereign (II): Segments, Swarms, and the Shakespearean Multitude.The Return of Theory in Early Modern English Studies II,London:
17. Collignon, Fabienne(2016).Insect Technics: War Vision Machines.Cold War Legacies: Legacy, Theory, Aesthetics,Edinburgh:
18. Coutts, Nicky(2006).Portraits of the Nonhuman: Visualizations of the Malevolent Insect.Insect Poetics,Minneapolis:
19. Deleuze, Gilles,Guattari, Felix,Massumi, Brian(trans.)(1987).A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia.London:Minnesota.
20. Deleuze, Gilles,Joughin, Martin(trans.)(1995).Negotiations 1972-1990.New York:Columbia UP.
21. Edkins, Jenny(2015).Face Politics.London:Routledge.
22. Favret, Colin(1999).Jean Henri-Fabre: His Life Experiences and Predisposition Against Darwinism.American Entomologist,45(1),38-48.
23. Foucault, Michel,Burchell, Graham(trans.),Senellart, Michel(ed.)(2007).Security, Territory, and Population: Lectures at the College de France 1977-1978.Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.
24. Foucault, Michel,Sheridan, Alan(trans.)(1977).Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison.New York:Vintage.
25. Galloway, Alex,Thacker, Eugene(2007).The Exploit: A Theory of Networks.Minneapolis:U of Minnesota P.
26. Gates, Kelly A.(2011).Our Biometric Future: Facial Recognition Technology and the Culture of Surveillance.New York:New York UP.
27. Goodman, Marc(2015).Future Crimes: Inside the Digital Underground and the Battle for Our Connected World.London:Corgi.
28. Halberstam, Judith(ed.),Livingston, Ira(ed.)(1995).Posthuman Bodies.Bloomington:Indiana UP.
29. Haraway, Donna(1990).Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature.London:Free Association.
30. Hardt, Michael,Negri, Antonio(2009).Commonwealth.New York:Cambridge.
31. Hardt, Michael,Negri, Antonio(2000).Empire.London:Cambridge.
32. Hardt, Michael,Negri, Antonio(2004).Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire.New York:Penguin.
33. Hollingsworth, Cristopher(2006).The Force of the Entomological Other: Insects as Instruments of Intolerant Thought and Oppressive Action.Insect Poetics,Minneapolis:
34. Lewis, Tyson E.(2010).Swarm Intelligence: Rethinking the Multitude from within the Transversal Commons.Culture, Theory and Culture,51(3),223-238.
35. Lijia, Mona,Vinthagen, Stellan(2014).Sovereign Power, Disciplinary Power and Biopower: Resisting What Power with What Resistance?.Journal of Political Power,7(1),107-126.
36. Munro, Iain(2000).Non-disciplinary Power and the Network Society.Organization,7(4),679-695.
37. Newman, Saul(2009).Politics in the Age of Control.Deleuze and New Technology,Edinburgh:
38. Newman, Saul. “War on the State: Stirner and Deleuze’s Anarchism.” The Anarchist Library. Web. 15 May 2019.
39. Parrika, Jussi(2010).Insect Media: An Archaeology of Animals and Technology.Minneapolis:U of Minnesota P.
40. Parrika, Jussi(2008).Politics of Swarm: Translations between Entomology and Biopolitics.Parallax,14(3),112-124.
41. Poster, Mark(ed.),Savat, David(ed.)(2009).Deleuze and New Technology,Edinburgh:
42. Rasmussen, Mikkel Bolt(2011).The Control Society After 9/11.Public Interfaces,1(1)
43. Raunig, Gerald,Derieg, Aileen(trans.)(2010).A Thousand Machines: A Concise Philosophy of the Machine as Social Movement.Cambridge:Semiotext(e).
44. Sadowski, Jathan,Pasquale, Frank(2015).The Spectrum of Control: A Theory of the Smart City.First Monday,20(7),1-22.
45. Savat, David(2009).Deleuze’s Objectile: From Discipline to Modulation.Deleuze and New Technology,Edinburgh:
46. Sorenson, Bent Meier(2009).How to Surf: Technologies at Work in the Societies of Control.Deleuze and New Technology,Edinburgh:
47. Stipanovic, Andre(2006).Bees and Ants: Perceptions of Imperialism in Vergil’s Aeneid and Georgics.Insect Poetics,Minneapolis:
48. Thacker, Eugene(2009).Swarming: Number versus Animal?.Deleuze and New Technology,Edinburgh:
49. Thacker, Eugene(2004).Networks, Swarms, Multitudes Part I.Ctheory
50. Thacker, Eugene(2004).Networks, Swarms, Multitudes Part II.Ctheory
51. The Invisible Committee,Hurley, Robert(trans.)(2014).To Our Friends.Cambridge:Semiotext(e).
52. Weidemann, Carolin(2014).Between Swarm, Network, and Multitude: Anonymous and the Infrastructures of the Common.Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory,15(3),309-326.
53. Wilcox, Lauren(2017).Drones, Swarms and Becoming-insects: Feminist Utopias and Posthuman Politics.Feminist Review,25-45.
54. Zohar, Ayelet(2014).Strategies of Camouflage: Depersonlaization, Schizoanalysis and Contemporary Photography.Deleuze and the Schizoanalysis of Visual Art,London:
55. 丁未, Wei(1950)。日本的幽靈──美帝縱容包庇下的日寇法西斯。世界知識，22，14-15。
56. 本広克行、塩古直義，導（Motohiro, Katsuyuki, and Naoyoshi Shiotani, Dir.）。《心靈判官》劇場版 Xin Ling Pan Guan juchang ban [Psycho-Pass Movie]。Production I.G，2015。YouTube，cindy327384上傳[Upload. cindy327384]。2017年5月24日。網路。2019年3月22日 [24 May 2017. Web. 22 Mar. 2019]。
57. 哈拉瑞, Yuval Noani,林俊宏（譯）, Junhong(trans.)(2018).21世紀的21堂課.臺北=Bookzone:天下文化=Bookzone.
58. 萊佛士, Hugh,陳榮彬（譯）, Rongbin(trans.)(2018).昆蟲誌：人類學家觀看蟲蟲的26種方式.新北市=New Taipei City:左岸文化=Rive Gauche.
59. 黃璽宇, Xiyu(2017)。以多瑪斯論《心靈判官》中人之自由與該追求的幸福。漫活著：第五屆御宅文化研討會暨巴哈姆特論文獎文集（下），新竹=Hsinchu:
60. 廖勇超, Yonchao(2018)。裸命、暴力、怪物性：談《心靈判官》中的生命政治與倫理。後人文轉向，臺中=Taichung:
61. 漆黑的狼煙（Chihei de langyen）。〈力不從心的正義──Psycho-Pass心靈判官第1、2季與劇場版〉“Li bu tsong xin de zhenyi—Psycho-Pass Xin Ling Pan Guan yu juchang ban” [Imperfect Justice—The Psycho-Pass Series and Movie]。《巴哈姆特》Bamute。2019年7月8日。網路。2019年10月13日 [8 July 2019. Web. 13 Oct. 2019]。
62. 塩古直義，導（Shiotani, Naoyoshi, Dir.）。《心靈判官》第二季 [Psycho-Pass Season II]。Production I.G，2014。Netflix。網路。2019年3月22日 [Web. 22 Mar. 2019]。
63. 塩古直義，導、本広克行，總導演（Shiotani, Naoyoshi, and Katsuyuki Motohiro, Dir.）。《心靈判官》第一季 [Psycho-Pass Season 1]。Production I.G，2012。Netflix。網路。2019年3月20日 [Web. 20 Mar. 2019]。

1. 洪凌(2019)。「旁若文學專輯」弁言：比喻，人外，去臉，語奏。中外文學，48(4)，7-17。