意符裂隙裡的書寫：情動與語言共構的女性主體

Writing in the Fissures of Signifiers: Feminine Subjectivity between Affect and Language

10.6637/CWLQ.202106_50(2).0005

蔡善妮(Shan-ni Tsai)

女性 ； 拉岡 ； 佛洛伊德 ； 主體 ； 意符 ； 符號層 ； 真實 ； 情動 ； 閹割 ； 關係 ； women ； Jacques Lacan ； Sigmund Freud ； subject ； signifier ； the symbolic ； the real ； affect ； castration ； relation

中外文學

50卷2期（2021 / 06 / 30）

107 - 147

繁體中文

本文探索女性問題如何深化與翻轉拉岡關於主體與意符的理論。女性主體建立於真實與符號層之間，重構兩者的關係。本文先回溯佛洛伊德的理論，為拉岡的主體理論尋找真實的基礎，以解釋兩性主體的差異。一方面，在主體建立的關鍵時期，「閹割情結」在男女作用不同，產生語言與情動不同的共構關係，進而導向不同的主體結構；另一方面，佛洛伊德對認同與單一特徵的敘述是拉岡意符的真實基礎，對意符不同的認同，導致兩性以不同的方式在符號層中運作。最後，本文說明拉岡如何從意符轉向真實的書寫，從意符裂隙裡的空間，重新建構的女性主體結構。本文希望揭露看似以符號系統可以完全說明的主體理論，其實建立於語言無法說明的情動與關係，而必須從符號層自身的空缺形成空間，才能形成與真實確切關聯的主體結構。位於這個語言難以說明之處的女性主體，為符號層結構帶來基進而通透的創造。

This paper explores how the problem of women deepens and restructures Lacan's theory of subject and signifier. The feminine subject crosses over both the real and the symbolic and restructures the relation between them. This paper traces back to Freud's theory to find the real basis for Lacan's argument about subjects. Firstly, in the crucial moment of subjective formation, castration has different effects on women and men, which determines their different relations with language and affects and thus makes them different subjects. Secondly, Lacan's theory of signifier is based on Freud's descriptions of identification and unitary trait; differences in identification lead to different relations with the signifier in the two sexes. Lastly, this paper describes how Lacan turns from the signifier to the writing of the real, transforming the fissures of signifiers into an alternative structure for the subjectivity of women. This paper hopes to reveal how the subject, which the system of signifiers seems to be able to fully explain, is actually based on affects and relations that language cannot explain. Situated in the fissures that language has difficulties in explaining, the subjectivity of women radically and thoroughly recreates the symbolic structure.

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