题名

Physiological Demands of Cyclists during an Ultra-Endurance Relay Race: A Field Study Report

DOI

10.4077/CJP.2011.AMM065

作者

Bescós Raul;Rodríguez Ferran-Agustín;Iglesias Xavier;Knechtle Beat;Benítez Adolfo;Marina Míchel;Padullés Josep-Maria;Vázquez Jairo;Torrado Priscila

关键词

ultra-endurance ; cycling ; volume ; intensity ; heart rate ; performance

期刊名称

The Chinese Journal of Physiology

卷期/出版年月

54卷5期(2011 / 10 / 01)

页次

37 - 44

内容语文

英文

英文摘要

This study was to describe and compare the physiological demands of ultra-endurance cyclists during a 24 h cycling relay race. Eleven male athletes (means ± SD: 34.8 ± 5.6 years; 71.6 ± 4.9 kg; 174.6 ± 7.3 cm; BMI 23.5 ± 0.5 kg/m^2; VO2max: 66.0 ± 6.4 ml/kg/min) participated in the study; eight in teams with a format of four riders (4C) and three in teams with six riders (6C). To investigate exercise intensity, heart rate (HR) was recorded while cycling using portable telemetric monitors. Three different exercise intensities were defined according to the reference HR values obtained during a pre race laboratory incremental VO(subscript 2max) test: Zone I (< anaerobic threshold [AT]), Zone II (between AT and the respiratory compensation point [RCP]), Zone III (> RCP). Total volume and intensity were integrated as a single variable (training impulse: TRIMP). The score for TRIMP in each zone was computed by multiplying the accumulated duration in this zone by a multiplier for this particular zone of exercise intensity. The average intensity did not differ between cyclists in 4C (means ± SD; 4C:87 ± 3 HR(subscript max)) and 6C (87 ± 1% of HR(subscript max)), despite the higher volume performed by 4C (means ± SD; 4C:361 ± 65; 6C:242 ± 25 per min; P = 0.012). These differences in total exercise volume significantly affected the values TRIMP accumulated (means ± SD; 4C:801 ± 98, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 719-884; 6C:513 ± 25, CI 95%: 451-575; P = 0.012). The ultra-endurance threshold of 4C and 6C athletes lies at about 87% of HR(subscript max) for both. Although the intensity profile was similar, the TRIMP values differed significantly as a consequence of the higher volume performed by the 4C cyclists.

主题分类 醫藥衛生 > 基礎醫學
参考文献
  1. Abbiss, C.R.,Laursen, P.B.(2005).Models to explain fatigue during prolonged endurance cycling.Sports Med.,35,865-898.
  2. Bessa, A.,Nissenbaum, M.,Monteiro, A.,Gandra, P.G.,Nunes, L.S.,Bassini-Cameron, A.,Werneck-de-Castro, J.P.,de Macedo, D.V.,Cameron L.C.(2008).High-intensity ultraendurance promotes early release of muscle injury markers.Brit. J. Sports Med.,42,889-893.
  3. Bircher, S.,Enggist, A.,Jehle, T.,Knechtle, B.(2006).Effects of an extreme endurance race on energy balance and body composition - a case study.J. Sports Sci. Med.,5,154-162.
  4. Coyle, E.F.,Gonzalez-Alonso, J.(2001).Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise: new perspectives.Exer. Sport. Sci. Rev.,29,88-92.
  5. Earnest, C.P.,Foster, C.,Hoyos, J.,Muniesa, C.A.,Santalla, A.,Lucia, A.(2009).Time trial exertion traits of cycling's Grand Tours.Int. J. Sports Med.,30,240-244.
  6. Earnest, C.P.,Jurca, R.,Church, T.S.,Chicharro, J.L.,Hoyos, J.,Lucia, A.(2004).Relation between physical exertion and heart rate variability characteristics in professional cyclists during the Tour of Spain.Br. J. Sports Med.,38,568-575.
  7. Faria, E.,Parker, D.,Faria, I.(2005).The science of cycling.Sports Med.,35,285-312.
  8. Foster, C.,Florhaug, J.A.,Franklin, J.,Gottschall. L.,Hrovatin, L.A.,Parker, S.,Doleshal, P.,Dodge, C.(2001).A new approach to monitoring exercise training.J. Strength Cond. Res.,15,109-115.
  9. Green, H.J.(ed.),McDougal, J.D.(ed.)Wenger, H.(ed.)(1991).Physiological testing of elite athletes.Champaign:Human Kinetics.
  10. Knechtle, B.,Enggist, A.,Jehle, T.(2005).Energy turnover at the Race Across America (RAAM)-a case report.Int. J. Sports Med.,26,499-503.
  11. Laursen, P.B.,Ahern, S.M.,Herzig, P.J.,Shing, C.M.,Jenkins, D.G.(2003).Physiological responses to repeated bouts of high-intensity ultraendurance cycling- a field study case report.J. Sci. Med. Sport,6,176-186.
  12. Laursen, P.B.,Rhodes, E.C.(1999).Physiological analysis of a high intensity ultraendurance.J. Strength Cond. Res.,21,26-38.
  13. Lee, H.,Martin, D.T.,Anson, J.M.,Grundy, D.,Hahn, A.G.(2002).Physiological characteristics of successful mountain bikers and professional road cyclists.J. Sport. Sci.,20,1001-1008.
  14. Lucia, A.,Hoyos, J.,Carvajal, A.,Chicharro, J.L.(1999).Heart rate response to professional road cycling: the Tour de France.Int. J. Sport Med.,20,167-172.
  15. Lucia, A.,Hoyos, J.,Perez, M.,Chicharro, J.L.(2000).Heart rate and performance parameters in elite cyclists: a longitudinal study.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.,32,1777-1782.
  16. Lucia, A.,Hoyos, J.,Santalla, A.,Earnest, C.,Chicharro, J.L.(2003).Tour de France versus Vuelta a España: which is harder?.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.,35,872-878.
  17. Neumayr, G.,Pfister, R.,Mitterbauer, G.,Gaenzer, H.,Sturm, W.,Hoertnagl, H.(2003).Heart rate response to ultraendurance cycling.Br. J. Sports Med.,37,89-90.
  18. Neumayr, G.,Pfister, R.,Mitterbauer, G.,Maurer, A.,Hoertnagl, H.(2004).Effect of ultramarathon cycling on the heart rate in elite cyclists.Br. J. Sports Med.,38,55-59.
  19. Padilla, S.,Mujika, I.,Orbananos, J.,Angulo, F.(2000).Exercise intensity during competition time trials in professional road cycling.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.,32,850-856.
  20. Padilla, S.,Mujika, I.,Orbananos, J.,Santisteban, J.,Angulo, F.,Goiriena, J.(2001).Exercise intensity and load during mass-start stage races in professional road cycling.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.,33,796-802.
  21. Padilla, S.,Mujika, I.,Santisteban, J.,Impellizzeri, F.M.,Goiriena, J.J.(2008).Exercise intensity and load during uphill cycling in professional 3-week races.Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.,102,431-438.
  22. Ronioyannis, G.P.,Skoulis, T.,Pavlou, K.N.(1989).Energy balance in ultramarathon running.Am. J. Clin. Nutr.,49,976-979.
  23. Wasserman, K.,Hansen, J.E.,Sue, D.Y.,Stringer, W.W.,Whipp, B.J.(2004).Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
  24. White, J.A.,Ward, C.,Nelson, H.(1984).Ergogenic demands of a 24 hour cycling event.Br. J. Sports Med.,18,165-171.
  25. Zaryski, C.,Smith, D.J.(2005).Training principles and issues for ultraendurance athletes.Curr. Sports Med. Rep.,4,165-170.