Training and Cardiovascular Responses from Cigarette Smoke Exposure

10.4077/CJP.2014.BAC220

Felipe Goncalves dos Santos de Sa；Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota；Paula Grippa Sant'Ana；Marcia Regina Holanda da Cunha；Moacir Marocolo；Edson Castardeli

blood pressure ； exercise ； rate-pressure product ； rats ； smoke exposure

The Chinese Journal of Physiology

57卷6期（2014 / 12 / 31）

315 - 319

英文

The aim of this study was to evaluate the early effect of the endurance training (ET) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure-product (RPP) after acute cigarette smoke exposure. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups: trained (TEx; n=10) and control (CEx; n=10), exposed to smoke. TEx rats undertook ET during 2 weeks (swimming, 5 days/week; 1 h/session) and CEx group was kept in sedentary lifestyle. After ET protocol both groups were exposed to cigarette smoke only once (total 1 h; 2 x 30 min with interval of 10 min between exposures; rate of 10 cigarettes/30 min). SBP, HR and RPP were measured after 2 weeks and just after (5 min) acute cigarette smoke (tail plethysmograph). All parameters did not differ (P＞0.05) between TEx (RPP= 45018±1970 mmHg/bpm) and CEx (43695 ± 2579 mmHg/bpm) after ET protocol. However, all cardiovascular parameters increased (P＜0.05) only for CEx just after the cigarette smoke exposure. We concluded that ET can attenuate the aggression from acute smoking to cardiovascular system, with a few days of training and even with no chronic effect on these parameters at basal condition.

1. Balci, S.S.,Pepe, H.(2012).Effects of gender, endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise on oxidative stress in the heart and skeletal muscle of the rat.Chinese J. Physiol.,55,236-244.
   連結：
2. Hong, L.Z.,Cheng, P.W.,Cheng, W.H.,Chen, S.R.,Wang, L.L.,Tseng, C.J.(2012).Involvement of NMDA receptors in nicotine-mediated central control of hypotensive effects.Chinese J. Physiol.,55,337-345.
   連結：
3. Jen, C.J.,Liu, Y.F.,Chen, H.I.(2005).Short-term exercise training improves vascular function in hypercholesterolemic rabbit femoral artery.Chinese J. Physiol.,48,79-85.
   連結：
4. Shekarforoush, S.,Foadoddini, M.(2012).Cardiac effects of cupping: myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure in the rat heart.Chinese J. Physiol.,55,253-258.
   連結：
5. Abate, D.T.,Barbosa Neto, O.,Rossi e Silva, R.C.,Faleiros, A.C.,Correa, R.R.,da Silva, V.J.,Castro, E.C.,Reis, M.A.(2012).Exercise-training reduced blood pressure and improve placental vascularization in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats-pilot study.Fetal Pediatr. Pathol.,31,423-431.
6. Alam, M.,Samad, B.A.,Wardell, J.,Andersson, E.,Hoglund, C.,Nordlander, R.(2002).Acute effects of smoking on diastolic function in healthy participants: studies by conventional doppler echocardiography and doppler tissue imaging.J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr.,15,1232-1237.
7. Ambrose, J.A.,Barua, R.S.(2004).The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update.J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,43,1731-1737.
8. Argacha, J.F.,Adamopoulos, D.,Gujic, M.,Fontaine, D.,Amyai, N.,Berkenboom, G.,van de Borne, P.(2008).Acute effects of passive smoking on peripheral vascular function.Hypertension,51,1506-1511.
9. Aronow, W.S.,Dendinger, J.,Rokaw, S.N.(1971).Heart rate and carbon monoxide level after smoking high-, low-, and non-nicotine cigarettes. A study in male patients with angina pectoris.Ann. Intern. Med.,74,697-702.
10. Arosio, E.,De Marchi, S.,Rigoni, A.,Prior, M.,Lechi, A.(2006).Effects of smoking on cardiopulmonary baroreceptor activation and peripheral vascular resistance.Eur. J. Clin. Invest.,36,320-325.
11. Bunag, R.D.,Butterfield, J.(1982).Tail-cuff blood pressure measurement without external preheating in awake rats.Hypertension,4,898-903.
12. Castardeli, E.,Paiva, S.A.R.,Matsubara, B.B.,Matsubara, L.S.,Minicucci, M.F.,Azevedo, P.S.,Campana, A.O.,Zornoff, L.A.M.(2005).Chronic cigarette smoke exposure results in cardiac remodeling and impaired ventricular function in rats.Arq. Bras. Cardiol .,84,320-324.
13. Coggan, A.R.,Kohrt, W.M.,Spina, R.J.,Bier, D.M.,Holloszy, J.O.(1990).Endurance training decreases plasma glucose turnover and oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in men.J. Appl. Physiol.,68,990-996.
14. Coggan, A.R.,Swanson, S.C.,Mendenhall, L.A.,Habash, D.L.,Kien, C.L.(1995).Effect of endurance training on hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise in men.Am. J. Physiol.,268,E375-E383.
15. Contarteze, R.V.,Manchado Fde, B.,Gobatto, C.A.,De Mello, M.A.(2008).Stress biomarkers in rats submitted to swimming and treadmill running exercises.Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. Mol. Integr. Physiol.,151,415-422.
16. de Araujo, G.G.,Papoti, M.,Delbin, M.A.,Zanesco, A.,Gobatto, C.A.(2013).Physiological adaptations during endurance training below anaerobic threshold in rats.Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.,113,1859-1870.
17. Dogan, A.,Yarlioglues, M.,Gul, I.,Kaya, M.G.,Ozdogru, I.,Kalay, N.,Inanc, M.T.,Ozdogru, M.,Ardic, I.,Dogdu, O.,Eryol, N.K.,Ergin, A.,Oguzhan, A.(2011).Acute effects of passive smoking on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in healthy volunteers.J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr.,24,185-191.
18. Dube, M.,Green, C.R.(1982).Methods of collection of smoke for analytical purpose.Recent. Adv. Tobacco Sci.,2
19. Gerhardt, U.,Vorneweg, P.,Riedasch, M.,Hohage, H.(1999).Acute and persistant effects of smoking on the baroreceptor function.J. Auton. Pharmacol.,19,105-108.
20. Ghaemmaghami, F.,Gauquelin, G.,Gharib, C.,Yoccoz, D.,Desplanches, D.,Favier, R.,Allevard, A.M.(1987).Effects of treadmill running and swimming on plasma and brain vasopressin levels in rats.Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol.,56,1-6.
21. Gobel, F.L.,Norstrom, L.A.,Nelson, R.R.,Jorgensen, C.R.,Wang, Y.(1978).The rate-pressure product as an index of myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise in patients with angina pectoris.Circulation,57,549-556.
22. Leone, A.(2011).Smoking and hypertension: independent or additive effects to determining vascular damage?.Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol.,9,585-593.
23. Maior, A.S.,Paixão, R.C.,Ribeiro, I.C.,Freitas, D.G.S.,Mota, G.R.,Marocolo, M.J.(2014).Acute responses of rate pressure product in sets of resistance exercise.Med. Sport,18,36-41.
24. Nadeem, A.,Raj, H.G.,Chhabra, S.K.(2005).Increased oxidative stress and altered levels of antioxidants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Inflammation,29,23-32.
25. Narkiewicz, K.,van de Borne, P.J.,Hausberg, M.,Cooley, R.L.,Winniford, M.D.,Davison, D.E.,Somers, V.K.(1998).Cigarette smoking increases sympathetic outflow in humans.Circulation,98,528-534.
26. Neto, O.B.,Abate, D.T.,Junior, M.M.,Mota, G.R.,Orsatti, F.L.,Silva, R.C.,Reis, M.A.,da Silva, V.J.(2013).Exercise training improves cardiovascular autonomic activity and attenuates renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats.J. Spor. Sci. Med.,12,52-59.
27. Pinto, A.,Di Raimondo, D.,Tuttolomondo, A.,Butta, C.,Milio, G.,Licata, G.(2012).Effects of physical exercise on inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis.Curr. Pharm. Des.,18,4326-4349.
28. Sikorska-Jaroszynska, M.H.,Mielnik-Blaszczak, M.,Krawczyk, D.,Nasilowska-Barud, A.,Blaszczak, J.(2012).Passive smoking as an environmental health risk factor.Ann. Agric. Environ. Med.,19,547-550.
29. Simani, A.S.,Inoue, S.,Hogg, J.C.(1974).Penetration of the respiratory epithelium of guinea pigs following exposure to cigarette smoke.Lab. Invest.,31,75-81.
30. Smith, C.J.,Fischer, T.H.(2001).Particulate and vapor phase constituents of cigarette mainstream smoke and risk of myocardial infarction.Atherosclerosis,158,257-267.
31. Téllez, J.,Rodríguez, A.,Fajardo, á.(2006).Contaminación por monóxido de carbono: un problema de salud ambiental.Rev. de Salud Pública.,8,108-117.
32. van der Vaart, H.,Postma, D.S.,Timens, W.,ten Hacken, N.H.(2004).Acute effects of cigarette smoke on inflammation and oxidative stress: a review.Thorax,59,713-721.
33. Xi, X.R.,Qureshi, I.A.,Wu, X.D.(1996).Effect of physical fitness on plasma lipids in young Chinese adults.Chinese J. Physiol.,39,105-110.

1. Yang, Kun-Ta,Tu, Wei-Chia,Shen, Yan-Jhih,Cheng, Ching-Feng,Chen, Tsung-I,Chen, Michael Yu-Chih,Yang, Kun-Ta,Tu, Wei-Chia,Shen, Yan-Jhih,Cheng, Ching-Feng,Chen, Tsung-I,Chen, Michael Yu-Chih(2015).Role of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger-1 (NHE-1) in the Effect of Exercise on Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction.中國生理學雜誌,58(4),254-262.