Bioeconomic Analysis of Improving Management Productivity Regarding Cobia Rachycentron canadum Cage Culture in Taiwan

台灣海鱺箱網養成之生物性經濟分析

10.29822/JFST.201109.0006

黃振庭(Cheng-Ting Huang)；繆峽(Sha Miao)；張平(Trvong Khac Hieu)

海鱺 ； 箱網養殖 ； 經濟分析 ； 多變量分析 ； Cobia ； Cage culture ； Economic analysis ； Multivariate analysis

臺灣水產學會刊

38卷3期（2011 / 09 / 01）

239 - 262

英文

養殖產業的經濟效益，是影響產業發展的主要誘因。根據海鱺箱網養殖生產經濟的相關研究，對產業的運行結果進行判斷，進而了解影響產業獲利的各項因素，評比產業的優、劣勢，為本研究的主要目標。研究資料來源為2002年至2007年台灣海鱺箱網養殖的漁家經濟調查資料，根據資料內容區分為生物性及經濟性資料，分析方法應用多變量統計分析，針對調查期間的海鱺箱網養成業者，分析其在養殖生產過程中，不同的年度與不同的養殖區域，是否會影響生產投入與產出。並瞭解影響該產業經營績效之生物性變數及經濟性變數的關鍵及力度。研究結果顯示，區域別及年度別對於海鱺養殖的投入及產出都具有顯著的差異。海鱺的單位生產投入成本有逐年增加趨勢。澎湖的生產成本比屏東高。成本結構面，澎湖以飼料成本為主要的生產支出，屏東則以飼料、人事和養護成本為主。獲利面，2003年整體海鱺養殖的各項生產力表現都不錯，澎湖益本比為0.41，屏東1.77，此為海鱺規模逐年增加的原因之一。屏東整體的獲利表現比澎湖好，與經營規模大有關，益本比最高在2007年達1.97，且該年度各項生產力都有1.9以上的水準，顯示該年度的整體管理績效都很不錯。生物面，魚苗放養規格與活存率會影響到經營績效。最後，藉由成本投入及生產力主成分分析圖，可凸顯個別養殖戶的生產績效關鍵因素，未來可個別深入訪查，以檢討養殖績效差的業者需進行改進的部分，而績效好的業者，可探討其原因，提供決策者調整海鱺養殖策略及經營管理之參考。

The economic benefit of the culture industry is a key factor affecting industry development. Based on related studies of the production economy of cobia cage culture, this study investigated operational outcomes of the industry, and reviewed various factors influencing industry profits in order to compare its advantages and disadvantages. Data were sourced from the fishers' economic survey data concerning Taiwan's cobia cage culture from 2002 to 2007. Data contents were divided into biological data and economic followed by a then multi-variable statistical analysis. This study investigated whether different years and different culture areas affected production input and output during the culture processes of cobia cage culture operators. Furthermore, biological and economic variables affecting industry management performance were studied.Results showed that different regions and years have significant effects on both the input and output of cobia culture, as unit production input costs of cobia tend to increase on a yearly basis. Production costs at Penghu are higher than those of Pingtung. In terms of cost structure, the main production costs are dominated by feed costs in Penghu, and by feed, personnel, and maintenance costs in Pingtung. In terms of profit, the overall cobia culture achieved excellent productivity in 2003, with benefit-cost ratios of 1.41 in Penghu and 2.77 in Pingtung The greater profits achieved in Pingtung rather than in Penghu are mostly related to the scale of operation. The benefit-cost ratio was the highest in 2007, reaching 2.95, while in the same year, productivity reached over 1.9, indicating that excellent managerial performance was achieved in that year. In terms of biology, both fish breeding specifications and survival rate may affect management performances. Lastly, the analysis chart of cost input and principal components of productivity highlights the key factors affecting the production performance of individual culture operators. Future studies can conduct in-depth surveys on individual operators, as such surveys would help to identify those with poor culture performance and operators with good culture performance, as the discrepancy would provide reference for adjusting cobia culture strategies and operational management for decision-makers.