臺灣地區酸沉降臨界負荷量及其對環境與經濟影響之估算

Estimating the Critical Load and the Environmental and Economic Impact of Acid Deposition in Taiwan

10.6161/jgs.2009.56.03

張仲德(Chung-Te Chang)；林登秋(Teng-Chiu Lin)；林能暉(Neng-Huei Lin)

亞洲酸雨模式 ； 酸沉降 ； 臨界負荷量 ； 環境衝擊 ； 經濟損失 ； RAINS-Asia model ； acid deposition ； critical load ； environmental impact ； economic loss

地理學報

56期（2009 / 08 / 01）

39 - 58

繁體中文

本研究主要目的是應用亞洲酸雨模式評估臺灣地區酸沉降臨界負荷量之分布，藉以評估臺灣土壤對於酸沉降影響的緩衝能力，結果發現臺灣地區有4.91%的面積對於酸沉降的影響是屬於最敏感的等級，而30%的區域則是屬於次敏感的等級，這些地區主要集中在臺灣北部及山地地區。敏感區域分布的特性主要是因爲其土壤層淺薄或容易被逕流沖蝕而減低其鹽基陽離子供應的能力，其中北部地區因爲酸沉降量非常高而臨界負荷量低，使得酸沉降的問題更爲嚴重。利用酸雨出現機率及酸雨分布區域所做之經驗推測，目前臺灣地區的酸沉降可能造成數十億元的直接經濟損失，若再加上對生態的衝擊，其損失可能爲直接損失數倍之多，故控管國內污染物排放及國際間長程傳輸實爲當務之急。

Using RAINS-Asia model, we evaluate the critical load of acid deposition in Taiwan, and assess the buffering capacity of soils to acid deposition. Results indicate that 4.91% of the land area in Taiwan is classified as the most sensitive class and about 30% as the second most sensitive class, most of which are located in northern Taiwan and mountain area. The high sensitive areas are characterized by thin soils and low content of base cations. The very high acid deposition in northern Taiwan, whose critical load is quite low, worsens the problem. Based on the occurrence probability and spatial distribution of acid rain in Taiwan, we estimate that the direct economic loss due to acid deposition reaches several billions at present. Considering the ecological impact, the loss can be appraised as several times higher. Therefore, measures to control domestic pollutant emission and long-range transport are urgently needed.

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