原住民於何處狩獵？東臺灣太魯閣族某村落之實證研究

Where Do Indigenous People Go Hunting? An Empirical Study of a Truku Village in Eastern Taiwan

10.6161/jgs.2011.62.03

戴興盛(Hsing-Sheng Tai)；莊武龍(Wu-Long Jhuang)；林祥偉(Shyang-Woei Lin)

原住民狩獵 ； 太魯閣族 ； 全球衛星定位系統 ； 野生動物保育 ； 臺灣 ； indigenous hunting ； Truku tribe ； Global Positioning System (GPS) ； wildlife conservation ； Taiwan

地理學報

62期（2011 / 08 / 01）

49 - 72

繁體中文

在臺灣原住民狩獵的實證研究文獻中，關於當代狩獵活動的地理分佈範圍之研究仍非常少。本文的核心目的是，透過應用全球衛星定位系統以及質性研究法，以標定研究地區中太魯閣族原住民獵徑的精確位置與分佈的地理範圍。本文特別聚焦於長程狩獵活動，以研究原住民狩獵的最大分佈地理範圍。研究結果顯示，相較於傳統的狩獵區域，研究區域L村當今狩獵活動的實際分佈範圍已經大為縮小，目前的長程狩獵活動分佈於中央山脈東麓至中央山脈主稜線間約一半位置之東半部山區；這個現象，乃傳統獵區劃分、社會經濟變遷、現代太魯閣原住民社群內部狩獵規範、交通路線、國家保育體制、以及野生動物族群分佈情形等因素的複雜互動結果，其中政府的保育機制尤其扮演了關鍵性的角色。本文也討論在L村的案例中，這個研究結果對野生動物保育與原住民權益所具備的可能意涵。

Empirical studies about the current geographic distribution of hunting activities for indigenous peoples in Taiwan have been lightly studied. This paper aims to investigate the geographic distribution of hunting trails of the Truku area by integrating Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and qualitative methods. In particular, we focus on the long-distance hunting activities to study a broad geographic scope in which hunting actually happens. Results showed that, compared to the traditional hunting territory, current hunting zone of the studied L village has significantly shrunk. The hunting zone lies on the eastern half of the area between central edge and eastern edge of the Central Mountain Range. This is the result of complex interactions among he following factors: Traditional hunting territories, socioeconomic changes, modern internal hunting norms of Truku societies, traffic accessibility, governmental institutions, and wildlife population distribution. Among these, governmental conservation institutions play a pivotal role. This paper also investigated how research results may imply for wildlife conservation and indigenous rights in the studied case.