蓮華池試驗林梅雨降雨型態變遷與植生變動之分析

Analysis of Relationship between Mei-yu Precipitation Change and Vegetation Variation in Lien-Hua-Chih Experimental Forest

10.6161/jgs.2012.66.04

王素芬(Su-Fen Wang)；林婉婷(Wan-Ting Lin)；張仲德(Chung-Te Chang)；林登秋(Teng-Chiu Lin)

梅雨季 ； 降雨 ； 常態化差異植生指標 ； 植生變動 ； Mei-yua season ； precipitation ； NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) ； vegetation change

地理學報

66期（2012 / 09 / 01）

67 - 86

繁體中文

氣候變遷可能導致降雨型態的改變，降雨型態的改變除了影響水資源分配之外，也可能影響生態系統的變動。本研究分析1979-2008年之間的降雨資料，檢驗近三十年來臺灣中部山區的降雨型態是否發生改變，並透過衛星影像分析1999-2008年間之常態化差異植生指數（NDVI），檢驗蓮華池試驗林在梅雨季節植生是否受到降雨型態改變影響。研究結果顯示，三十年來蓮華池地區梅雨降雨量約佔年總降雨量的27.9%，梅雨最少的年份也是年降雨量最低年份，顯示梅雨對年雨量有重要貢獻。三十年間蓮華池地區梅雨降雨量無顯著變化但最大時降雨量顯著增加，且總降雨量變動幅度在近十年有增大的趨勢，代表乾濕變動更大，對水土保持及水資源管理形成更大挑戰。在植生覆蓋方面，除2005年梅雨前後NDVI下降達5.2%之外，梅雨季節前後NDVI變動量不大。以林相而言，人工林受降雨事件影響呈現增減互見但變動量較大的情形，而天然林則多呈現微幅減損但變動量較小。NDVI降幅最大的2005年人工林下降達8.13%，天然林則僅2.15%，顯示天然林生態系統較為穩定，受干擾影響較小。此外，植生變動具有空間上的差異，在迎梅雨鋒面的海拔和坡向所受影響較大，顯示植生變動確實受到地形效應影響。

Climate change often leads to changes in patterns of precipitation, which in turn affect not only the availability of water resources but ecosystem dynamics. Here we analyze precipitation data between 1979 and 2008 of central Taiwan to investigate possible changes in precipitation patterns. We also derived the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from satellite images before and after Mei-yu (front rainfall that typically occurred between May and June) season between 1999 and 2008 of Lien-Hua-Chi area to detect Mei-yu related changes in vegetation cover. The results indicated that Mei-yu rainfall, on average, contributed approximately 28% of the annual precipitation and the years with the lowest Mei-you rainfall were also the years with the lowest annual rainfall suggesting that Mei-yu is an important component of precipitation in the Lien-Hua-Chi area. Over the last three decades, there was no significant change in total amount of Mei-yu rainfall but the fluctuation of Mei-yu rainfall quantity was considerably greater in recent years, and there was a significant increasing trend of maximum hourly precipitation. Such trends suggest that Mei-yu rainfall may become more extremes and pose great challenges to water resource management and soil and water conservation. Except for the large (5.2%) decrease in 2005, NDVI showed little change during the Mei-yu period between 1999 and 2008. Compared to natural forest, forest plantation showed greater fluctuation in NDVI during the Mei-yu season. In 2005, NDVI decreased 8.13% in forest plantation but only 2.15% in the natural forest suggesting that natural forests are more stable than forest plantation in response to Mei-yu. We also found that vegetation on the windward side of slope facings was relatively more sensitive to Mei-yu and the changes in NDVI varied along a elevation gradientuggesting the topographic effect can play a significant role on influencing the interaction between Mei-yu and NDVI.

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