河川流域颱風災害損失與地區脆弱度－莫拉克颱風為例

Typhoon Damages and Local Vulnerability in River Basins-The Case of Typhoon Morakot

10.6161/jgs.2014.74.04

洪鴻智(Hung-Chih Hung)；劉怡君(Yi-Chung Liu)；簡頌愔(Sung-Ying Chien)

脆弱度 ； 流域綜合治理 ； 災害損失 ； 災害風險管理 ； 莫拉克颱風 ； Vulnerability ； integrated river basin governance ； disaster damages ； disaster risk management ； Typhoon Morakot

地理學報

74期（2014 / 09 / 01）

87 - 106

繁體中文

由於氣候變遷與環境敏感地的過度開發，不但增加災害脆弱度，亦使更多地區暴露在極端天氣與颱洪災害的威脅。為面對此挑戰，須更清楚瞭解颱洪災害損失與災害脆弱度關係，以協助災害風險管理工作的推動。本文主要目的，在於透過莫拉克颱風重創之高屏溪、曾文溪與太麻里溪三個流域的災害脆弱度空間分布，及莫拉克風災衝擊特性，觀察颱洪災害損失與河川流域災害脆弱度之關係。分析結果發現脆弱度因子對災害損失與傷亡分布，具有解釋力。尤其是傳統認為高脆弱度因子之高海拔、低所得、高度土地開發與低調適能力地區，皆是莫拉克風災損失或傷亡較嚴重地區。此分析結果，可建議流域治理與風險管理調適，可將決策與資源更聚焦於脆弱度的改善。

Vulnerability to climate change and weather extremes due to overdevelopment in environmental sensitive areas is increasing, such that an urgent need exists to enhance our understanding of how typhoon damage is linked to vulnerability. This study aims to examine whether geographic localities characterized by high vulnerability experience significantly more damages due to typhoon events at the river basin level. The study examines the Kaoping, Tsengwen, and Taimali River basins, each of which was significantly damaged by the Typhoon Morakot in 2009. Findings show that losses and casualties from Typhoon Morakot increase with elevation, land or agricultural development, as well as proximity to rivers, and decrease with levels of income and adaptive capacity. Finally, we propose the adaptive strategies that minimize risk and vulnerability as well as for integrated river basin governance.

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