以社會脆弱性與韌性建構脆弱性單元的可能性分析臺灣中部地區強降雨災害為例

Constructing the Spatial Units of Vulnerability and Social Resilience by the Analysis of Social-spatial Differences A Case Study of Rainfall Disaster in Central Taiwan

10.6161/jgs.201806_(89).0001

宋郁玲(Yu-Ling Song)；林貝珊(Pei-Shan Lin)；涂建翊(Jien-Yi Tu)

空間單元 ； 脆弱性脆弱性 ； 社會韌性 ； 災害 ； 臺灣中部地區 ； spatial units ； vulnerability ； social resilience ； disaster ； central Taiwan

地理學報

89期（2018 / 06 / 01）

1 - 42

繁體中文

本文探討局部受災地區的社會脆弱性與自然脆弱性之間的關係，以及有無打破目前以鄰里為救災空間單元的可能性。因此，透過進行部分聚落的深度訪談，歸納出當前防災救災當中社會脆弱性的角色與重要性，並嘗試探討如何藉由社會脆弱性、社會韌性與自然脆弱性共同商訂新的空間單元。在方法上，先以水保局災害通報分類中的土石流災害為主，本研究根據過去歷史事件中紀錄的災害狀況做災害等級分類為三級，並從中選取臺灣中部地區4個第一級災害區（南投縣信義鄉神木村、人和村、水里鄉興隆村，臺中市松鶴部落）以及5個三級災害區（南投縣信義鄉自強村、地利村、潭南村，水里鄉上安村、臺中市梨山區）共75位受訪者進行半結構深度訪談，對受訪者訪談內容進行逐字紀錄，交互比對訪談內容，以主題分析法歸納出共同主題，來瞭解人口狀態與空間地方相關之受災經驗，從而分析社會脆弱性、社會韌性與自然脆弱性的空間關係。研究發現，在不同災害等級的區域中，自然脆弱性較高的區域，政府的介入降低社會脆弱性並提升了韌性，但是自然脆弱度較低的區域，政府介入反因資源投入永續性的社區發展而加深了社會脆弱性，弱化社會韌性。本文進一步以神木村20個家戶為案例，透過主題分析的結果，呈現社會脆弱性的空間聚集性，畫出以三溪匯流處為分界的南北兩個空間單元，凸顯以北為年輕人發展受限的脆弱性，以南為中老年群體對農作物收益不穩定的脆弱性。本研究強調，社會脆弱性與韌性在重新規劃防救災空間單元中有重要的價值；再者，依照目前行政區域或一味追求更小的空間單元，都並非最適當的方式，必須分析區域中的脆弱性與韌性特徵，規劃適切的空間單元。

The research focuses on investigating part of the rainfall disaster area to comprehend the relationship between social, physical vulnerability and social resilience as well as the possibility of deconstructing the given disaster spatial unit. Therefore, we undertook the in-depth interviews in some villages and communities, and induced the significances of the role of social vulnerability. Accordingly, we try to discuss that how we consider both of social and physical vulnerability and social resilience to re-construct the spatial unit? Regarding to the research methods, we sorted the disaster area according to 3 disaster degrees via Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, selected 4 villages belonged to 1^(st) degree and 5 villages belonged to 3^(rd) degree in Nantou and Taichung of Central Taiwan. In-depth interview was adapted and 75 households were selected in the fieldwork. The contents of interviews were transferred to texts and took the thematical analysis to discover the relationship between social vulnerability, social resilience and physical vulnerability. To the research finding, the social vulnerability and resilience which reverses the degree of physical vulnerability, however, they are not seen as the important factors in the resource distribution and community development after disasters. Moreover, this research makes the 2 spatial units in Shengmu Villiage. According to the result of thematical analysis based on 20 interviewees, it presents the spatial aggregation of social vulnerability. The north and south divided by the converging point of 3 rivers, the north one shows the social vulnerability of young people who are facing the limited chances, and the south one reveals the social vulnerability of middle-old age group who suffering from the unstable profits of agricultural products. Our research values the social vulnerability and resilience in redraw the spatial units for disaster prevention. Moreover, either pursuing the smaller spatial units or following the present one is not the suitable way for disaster prevention. It is more important to analysis the traits of social vulnerability and resilience of the specific area, then finding out the appropriate spatial unit.

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