大安溪中游階地之對比：以階地土壤化育程度為基礎

Correlation of the River Terraces in Mid-Taan River based on Pedogenic Degress of the Terraces Soils

10.6161/jgs.202008_(96).0003

黃文樹(Wen-Shu Huang)；江旻珊(Min-Shan Jiang)；黃旭村(Shiu-Tsuen Huang)；蔡衡(Heng Tsai)

河階 ； 對比 ； 大安溪 ； 土壤化育 ； river terrace ； correlation ； Taan river ； soil development

地理學報

96期（2020 / 08 / 01）

55 - 74

繁體中文

在台灣，探討更新世晚期高位河階地形演育時，常受限於定年資料取得困難，而無法獲得一致的看法，造成階地對比上的困難。大安溪中游的高位紅土階地（lateritic terrace, LT）受到造構活動的影響，使得地形面傾動、階地抬升量不一，增加了對比的困難度。本研究在各主要的地形面上，採取了階地土壤樣本，透過土壤化育的觀點，比較各階地土壤的化育程度，作為階面相對年代對比的參考。研究成果顯示，在大安溪中游段階地土壤間，可依各土壤之化育程度分為兩群，此能進一步推論大安溪中游的高位階地，約可對比為兩階，較高位的TA-1、TA-3和TA-4、次高位的TA-2與TA-5，顯示大安溪中游各高位紅土階地主要在兩個時期內分別形成。

Lack of dating materials has caused controversy over the correlations of lateritic terraces and reconstructions of fluvial landform evolution in Taiwan. Alternative methods, such as relative dating based on correlating pedogenic degrees between soils on the terraces, could be a practicable solution for gauging the correlations in lateritic terraces. These correlations are complex and difficult to measure in the mid-reaches of the Taan river ,because the terraces were uplifted and deformed by tectonic active faults and folds. This work sampled on the lateric terraces in the mid-reaches of the Taan river, and determined the pedogenic degrees of the soils. Analytical results show that the pedogenic degrees of the soils on the terraces were grouped into two types, the higher pedogenic degree, (TA-1, TA-3, TA-4) and the lower pedogenic degree, (TA-2, TA-5), indicating that the Taan river experienced two primary incision events of since the late Pleistocene.

1. 黃文樹, W. S.,林温惠, W. H.,許正一, Z. Y.,蔡衡, H.(2011)。八卦台地北部階地土壤化育及其在地形對比之應用。地理學報，61，123-145。
   連結：
2. 蔡衡, H.,黃文樹, W. S.(2017)。土壤時間序列研究之檢視與展望。國立彰化師範大學文學院學報，16，1-24。
   連結：
3. Barrett, L. R.(2001).A strand plain soil development sequence in northern Michigan, USA.Catena,44,163-186.
4. Birkeland, P. W.(1999).Soils and geomorphology.New York:Oxford.
5. Cook, K. L.,Turowski, J. M.,Hovius, N.(2014).River gorge eradication by downstream sweep erosion.Nature Geoscience,7,682-686.
6. Dietze, M.,Muhs, S.,Dietze, E.(2011).Ambiguities of relative age indicators on abandoned surfaces of arid environments.Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues,55(3),49-75.
7. Egli, M.,Fitze, P.,Mirabella, A.(2001).Weathering and evolution of soils formed on grantic, glacial deposits: Results from chronosequences of Swiss alpine environments.Caten,45,19-47.
8. Harden, J. W.(1982).A quantitative index of soil development from field descriptions, examples from a chronosequence in Central California.Geoderma,28,1-28.
9. Huang, W. S.,Jien, S. H.,Tsai, H.,Hseu, Z. Y.,Huang, S. T.(2016).Soil evolution in a tropical climate: An example from a chronosequence on marine terraces in Taiwan.Catena,139,61-72.
10. Huang, W. S.,Tsai, H.,Tsai, C. C.,Hseu, Z. Y.,Chen, Z. S.(2010).Subtropical Soil Chronosequence on Holocene Marine Terraces in Eastern Taiwan.Soil Science Society of American Journal,74(4),1271-1283.
11. Keller, E. A.,Pinter, N.(2002).Active tectonics: Earthquakes, uplift, and landscape.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Prentice Hall.
12. Klut, A.(ed.)(1986).Methods of soil analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical methods-Agronomy monograph No. 9.Madison, WI:Soil Science Society of America.
13. Mehra, O. P.,Jackson, M. L.(1960).Iron oxides removed from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate.Clays Clay Miner,7,317-327.
14. Mokma, D. L.,Yli-Halla, M.,Lindqvist, K.(2004).Podozol formation in sandy soils of finland.Geoderm,120,259-272.
15. Mouslopoulou, V.,Begg, J.,Fülling, A.,Moraetis, D.,Partsinevelos, P.,Oncken, O.(2017).Distinct phases of eustatic and tectonic forcing for late Quaternary landscape evolution in southwest Crete, Greece.Earth Surface Dynamics,5(3),511-527.
16. Ota, Y.(2006).The Chentoushan Fault in the collision domain of the northweatern Taiwan – An example of“short and fat”fault.Annual Report on Active Fault and Paleoearthquake Researches,6,163-170.
17. Ota, Y.,Lin, Y. N.,Chen, Y. G.,Chang, H. C.,Hung, J. H.(2006).Newly found Tunglo Active Fault System in the fold and thrust belt in northwestern Taiwan deduced from deformed terraces and its tectonic significance.Tectonophysics,417,305-323.
18. Pillans, B.(1997).Soil development at snail's pace: Evidence from a 6 ma soil chronoquence on basalt in north queensland, australia.Geoderma,80,117-128.
19. Robustelli, G.,Lucà, F.,Corbi, F.,Pelle, T.,Dramis, F.,Fubelli, G.,Sarciglia, F.,Muto, F.,Cugliari, D.(2009).Alluvial terraces on the Ionian coast of northern Calabria, southern Italy: Implications for tectonic and sea level controls.Geomorphology,106(3-4),165-179.
20. Siame, L. L.,Chen, R. F.,Derrieux, F.,Lee, J. C.,Chang, K. J.,Bourlès, D. L.,Braucher, R.,Léanni, L.,Kang, C. C.,Chang, C. P.,Chu, H. T.(2012).Pleistocene alluvial deposits dating along frontal thrust of Changhua Fault in western Taiwan: The cosmic ray exposure point of view.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,51,1-20.
21. Simoes, M.,Avouac, J. P.,Chen, Y. G.,Singhvi, A. K.,Wang, C. Y.,Jaiswal, M.,Chan, Y. C.,Bernard, S.(2007).Kinematic an alysis of the Paku ashan fault tip fold, west central Taiwan: shortening rate and age of folding inception.Journal of Geophysical Research,112,B03-S14.
22. Soil Survey Staff(2014).Keys to soil taxonomy.Washington, D.C.:USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service.
23. Soil Survey Staff(1993).Soil survey manual.Washington, DC:U. S. Gov. Print. Office.
24. Taylor, E. M.(1988).USGS Open-file reportUSGS Open-file report,Denver, Colorado:USGS.
25. Tsai, H.,Hseu, Z. Y.,Huang, S. T.,Huang, W. S.,Chen, Z. S.(2010).Pedogenic properties of surface deposits used as evidence for the type of landform formation of the Tadu tableland in central Taiwan.Geomorphology,114,590-600.
26. Tsai, H.,Hseu, Z. Y.,Kuo, H. Y.,Huang, W. S.,Chen, Z. S.(2016).Soilscap e of west-central Taiwan: Its pedogenesis and geomorphic implications.Geomorphology,255,81-94.
27. Tsai, H.,Huang, W. S.,Hseu, Z. Y.(2007).Pedogenic correlation of lateritic river terraces in central Taiwan.Geomorphology,88,201-213.
28. Tsai, H.,Huang, W. S.,Hseu, Z. Y.,Chen, Z. S.(2007).Pedogenic approach to resolving the geomorphic evolution of the pakua river terraces in central Taiwan.Geomorphology,83,14-28.
29. Tsai, H.,Huang, W. S.,Hseu, Z. Y.,Chen, Z. S.(2006).A river terraces soil chronosequence of the Pakua tableland in central Taiwan.Soil Science,171(2),167-179.
30. Tsai, H.,Maejima, Y.,Hseu, Z. Y.(2008).Meteoric 10Be dating of highly weathered soils from fluvial terraces in Taiwan.Quaternary International,188,185-196.
31. Tseng, C. H.,Wenske, D.,Böse, M.,Reimann, T.,Lüthgens, C.,Frechen, M.(2013).Sedimentary features and ages of fluvial terraces and their implications for geomorphic evolution of the Taomi River catchment: A case study in the Puli Basin, central Taiwan.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,62,759-768.
32. 中央氣象局[Central Weather Bureau] 2016 。氣候統計[climate statistics] 。網站資料：http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7/climate/monthlyMean/Taiwan_tx.htm (擷取日期：2016.05.11)。
33. 李錦發, C. F.(1994)。三義斷層及其在新構造上的意義。地質，14(1)，73-96。
34. 李錦發, C. F.(2000).五萬分之一台灣地質圖及說明書─東勢圖幅.台北=Taipei:經濟部中央地質調查所=Jing ji bu zhong yang di zhi diao cha suo.
35. 沈淑敏, S. M.,張瑞津, J. C.,楊貴三, G. S.(2005)。經濟部中央地質調查所報告經濟部中央地質調查所報告,臺北=Taipei:經濟部中央地質調查所=Jing jib u zhong yang di zhi diao cha suo。
36. 施國偉, G. W.(2008)。Taipei，國立台灣大學地質科學系=Department of Geology, National Taiwan University。
37. 張瑞津, J. C.,鄧國雄, K. H.,劉明琦, M. C.(1998)。苗栗丘陵河階之地形學研究。地理研究，29，97-112。
38. 陳文山, W. S.,陳于高, Y. G.,劉聰桂, T. G.,黃能偉, N. W.,林清正, C. C.,宋時驊, S. Y.,李昆杰, K. J.(2000)。集集大地震的地震斷層特性與構造意義。經濟部中央地質調查所特刊，12，139-154。
39. 陳宣安, S. A.(2012)。Taipei，國立臺灣大學地理環境資源學研究所=Department of Geography, National Taiwan University。
40. 彭麗文, L. W.(2010)。Taichung，國立中興大學水土保持學系所=Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University。
41. 曾沐崧, M. S.(2011)。Hsinchu，國立交通大學土木工程學系=Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University。
42. 湯振輝, C. H.(1969)。台灣省苗栗區航照地質解釋。中國地質學會會刊，12，11-19。
43. 黃文樹, W. S.,蔡衡, H.,林登秋, T. C.(2003)。台灣河階對比研究之回顧與探討。地理學報，33，19-37。
44. 黃文樹, W. S.,蔡衡, H.,許正一, Z. Y.(2006)。土壤化育指數在濁水溪流域階地對比之應用。地理學報，45，1-20。
45. 楊貴三, G. S.,沈淑敏, S. M.(2010).臺灣全志卷二土地志地形篇.南投=Nantou:國史館臺灣文獻館=Taiwan historica.
46. 齊士崢, S. J.(2004)。河階地的對比與成因。環境與世界，10，43-64。
47. 劉懿慧, Y. H.(2009)。Taipei，中國文化大學地學研究所=Graduate School of Earth Science, China Cultural University。
48. 賴憶菁, Y. J.(2009)。Taipei，國立臺灣大學地質科學研究所=Department of Geology, National Taiwan University。
49. 謝孟龍, M. L.(2007)。台灣河階地形研究的回顧、檢討與展望。經濟部中央地質調查所特刊，18，209-240。