蛇木屑－木炭複合板於蘭花栽培之應用

Application of Fern Chips-Charcoal Composite Boards for Orchid Cultivation

10.30089/JAF.201212.0004

許育民(Yu-Min Hsu)；張家偉(Chia-Wei Chang)；盧崑宗(Kun-Tsung Lu)

木炭 ； 明膠 ； 蛇木屑－木炭複合板 ； 蝴蝶蘭 ； Charcoal ； Gelatin ； Fern chips-charcoal composite boards (F-CCB) ； Phalaenopsis spp.

農林學報

61卷4期（2012 / 12 / 01）

369 - 382

繁體中文

本研究使用市售蛇木屑（fern chips）及炭化溫度500℃，直徑3.36~13.5 mm之相思樹（Acacia confusa）木炭，分別依蛇木屑／木炭重量比為100/0、90/10、80/20 及70/30及以濃度20%明膠（gelatin）溶液作為膠合劑，用膠量分別為20、30及40%，抄製成密度約為0.2g/cm3之蛇木屑－木炭複合板（fern chips-charcoal composite board、以下簡稱F-CCB）。除分析F-CCB酸鹼值、充氣孔隙度（air-filled porosity, AFP）及容器容水量（container capacity, CC）之基本性質外，並應用於蝴蝶蘭（Phalaenopsis spp.）之培養，探討不同條件FCCB栽培蝴蝶蘭之生長效應。試驗結果顯示，F-CCB之pH值介於4.86~5.69間，適合蝴蝶蘭之栽培。又所有配方條件中以80/20、明膠用量為20％之F-CCB有最高之充氣孔隙度（AFP）值達4.68%，但低於市售蛇木板具之8.77%。而容器容水量（CC）以木炭配比為80/20、明膠用量40%之F-CCB為最高達20.21%，高於市售蛇木板之16.70%，顯示以F-CCB 栽培蘭花時需注意水分之補充。在蝴蝶蘭栽培試驗方面，添加相思樹木炭有助於蝴蝶蘭新葉之生長，其中以蛇木屑／木炭配比80/20、明膠用量40%者有較快之新葉生長速率及較多新葉片數，且皆較市售蛇木板者為佳。蝴蝶蘭栽培72天後，此F-CCB較純蛇木屑板材（100/0）及市售蛇木板有較高之氮含量及陽離子置換容量（cation exchange capacity, CEC），顯示添加木炭可以固定氮素，又具有較佳之保肥性，因此，對於促進蝴蝶蘭之生長有正面之效益。

In this study, the fern chips-charcoal composite boards (F-CCB) which density of 0.2 g/cm^3 were made from commercial fern chips and the Acacia confusa charcoal which obtained from charcoalization at 500°C and with the diameter of 3.36 ~ 13.5 mm, by the weight ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30, respectively. The 20% gelatin solution was used as the adhesive for FCCB and the dosages were 20, 30 and 40% by the total weight of fern chips and charcoal. The fundamental properties such as pH value air-filled porosity (AFP) and container capacity (CC) as well as the growth effect of cultivating Phalaenopsis spp. on the F-CCB with different manufacturing conditions were examined. The results showed that the F-CCBs had the pH value of 4.86~5.69, which are suitable for cultivating Phalaenopsis hybrida Hort. Among all of F-CCBs, the one with fern chips/charcoal=80/20 and 20% dosage had the highest AFP of 4.68%, but was lower than that of commercial fern chips board of 8.77%. In addition, the F-CCB with fern chips/charcoal=80/20 and 40% dosage had the highest AFP of 20.21%, but was higher than that of commercial fern chips board of 16.70% indicating that the water supply must be noted when orchids are cultivating. In the cultivating experiment of orchid, adding charcoal had the benefit to orchid growth. Comparing with the commercial fern chips board and F-CCBs, the one with fern chips/charcoal of 80/20 and 40% dosage of gelatin had the fastest growth rate and much numbers of new leaves, which also has higher nitrogen content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) than commercial fern chips board and pure fern chips board (100/0) after 72 days orchid cultivated. The results exhibited that it can fix nitrogen and had better nutritive keeping ability by adding charcoal, therefore, it has a positive efficiency for promoting orchid growth.