Phonemic Distinction between Vowels and Glides in Sinvaudjan Paiwan

排灣語元音和滑音的音位對比

10.6503/THJCS.2011.41(3).05

葉詩綺(Stella Shih-Chi Yeh)

元音滑音對比 ； 衍生滑音 ； 重音 ； 音節劃分 ； 南島語 ； 排灣語 ； vowel/glide distinction ； derived glide ； stress ； syllabification ； Austronesianlanguage ； Paiwan

清華學報

41卷3期（2011 / 09 / 01）

551 - 586

英文

在衍生音韻學理論中，滑音常被視為元音因受制於音節或韻律規則所產生的變體，但本文提出新證據再次確立排灣語元音與滑音之間的音位對比。本文以音節劃分及重疊詞為新證據，重新分析過去文獻指出的現象，即重音分布與詞素音位交替，皆同時指出排灣語牡丹方言對於元音／滑音音位對比的需求。此研究除了提出個全面的分析，釐清底層滑音和衍生滑音在表層形式所造成的混淆，更進步討論元音和滑音於音節內部結構的歸屬，以及音段分布上的差異。此外，排灣語的底層滑音顯現輔音的特質，而衍生滑音則表現了元音的特性。

This paper shows that it is necessary to posit a phonemic distinction between the high vowels /i u/ and the glides /j w/ in Sinvaudjan Paiwan, although the latter are usually taken to be alternants of the former in phonological theory, conditioned by syllabic or metrical position. I provide evidence in support of this distinction and offer a unified account which is in accord with the established evidence from stress and morphophonemic alternations. The contrast between the vowels and glides is reflected in the segments' moraic status and the internal structure of syllables, including the syllabic affiliation and distribution of phonemic vowels and glides. The confusion made by surface glides is also explained: phonemic glides, which are true consonants, pattern with consonants, whereas derived glides, which come from vowels, are mostly vowel-like.

1. Chen, Chun-Mei(2009).Documenting Paiwan Phonology: Issues in Segments and Non-stress Prosodic Features.Concentric: Studies in Linguistics,35(2),193-223.
   連結：
2. Ogawa, Naoyoshi. Japanese-Paiwan Vocabulary. Taipei: Government-general of Taiwan, 1930.
3. Ogawa, Naoyoshi and Erin Asai. The Myths and Traditions of the Formosan Native Tribes. Taipei: Taihoku Teikoku Daigaku Gengo-gaku Kenkyu-shitsu, 1935.
4. Catford, J. C.(1988).A Practical Introduction to Phonetics.Oxford:Clarendon Press.
5. Chang, Hsiou-Chuan(2000).A Reference Grammar of Paiwan.Taipei:Yuan-Liu Publishing Co..
6. Chang, Hsiou-Chuan(1999).A Preliminary Study on Paiwan Imperative Constructions.Tajen Annual Bulletin,17,453-464.
7. Chang, Hsiou-Chuan(1992).Hsinchu,National Tsing Hua University.
8. Chang, Hsiou-Chuan(2006).Canberra,The Australian National University.
9. Chang, Hsiou-Chuan(1998).Reduplication in the Northern Paiwan.Tajen Annual Bulletin,16,121-130.
10. Chang, Laura M.(1998).Thao Reduplication.Oceanic Linguistics,37,277-297.
11. Chen, Chun-Mei(2006).Austin,University of Texas at Austin.
12. Chen, Chun-Mei(2009).The Phonetics of Paiwan Word-level Prosody.Language and Linguistics,10(3),593-625.
13. Chen, Kang、Ma, Ron-shen(1986)。Guosha Zu Yuyan Jianzhi (Paiwan Yu)。Beijing:Min Zu Publishing Co.。
14. Côté, Marie-Hélène(2000).Cambridge, MA,Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
15. Early, Robert,Whitehorn, John(2003).One Hundred Paiwan Texts.Canberra:Australian National University.
16. Egli, Hans(1990).Paiwangrammatik.Wiesbaden:Otto Harrassowitz.
17. Egli, Hans(2002).Paiwan Wörterbuch.Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz.
18. Ferrell, Raleigh(1982).Paiwan Dictionary.Canberra:The Australian National University.
19. Guerssel, Mohamed(1986).Glides in Berber and Syllabicity.Linguistic Inquiry,17,1-12.
20. Ho, Dah-An(1978).A Preliminary Comparative Study of Five Paiwan Dialects.Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology,49(4),565-681.
21. Ho, Dah-An(1977).The Phonological System of Butanglu: A Paiwan Dialect.Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology,48(4),595-618.
22. Hua, Jia-Jing,Zeitoun, Elizabeth(2005).A Note on Paiwan tj, dj, and lj.Language and Linguistics,6(3),499-504.
23. Huang, Hui-Chuan J.(2002).Glide Formation in Takituduh Bunun.Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies,32,441-468.
24. Huang, Hui-Chuan J.(2006).Resolving Vowel Clusters: A Comparison of Isbukun Bunun and Squliq Atayal.Language and Linguistics,7(1),1-26.
25. Huang, Hui-Chuan J.(2008).Competition between Syllabic and Metrical Constraints in Two Bunun Dialects.Linguistics,46(1),1-32.
26. Hume, Elizabeth(1995).Representing the Duality of Glides.Les Actes du Congrès: Langues et Grammaire,Paris:
27. Hyman, Larry(1985).A Theory of Phonological Weight.Dordrecht:Foris.
28. Kang, Ongmi(1999).A Correspondence Analysis on Hiatus Resolution.Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology,5(1),1-24.
29. Ladefoged, Peter,Maddieson, Ian(1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages.Cambridge, MA:Blackwell.
30. Lee, Amy P.-J.(2007).Colchester,University of Essex.
31. Levi, Susannah(2004).Seattle,University of Washington.
32. Levi, Susannah(2008).Phonemic vs. Derived Glides.Lingua,118,1965-1978.
33. Levin, Juliette(1985).Cambridge, MA,Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
34. Li, Chao-Lin(2004).Chiayi,National Chung Cheng University.
35. Li, Paul Jen-Kuei(1974).Alternations between Semi-consonants and Fricatives or Liquids.Oceanic Linguistics,13(1),163-186.
36. Li, Paul Jen-Kuei,Tsuchida, Shigeru(2001).Pazih Dictionary.Taipei:Academic Sinica.
37. Lin, Ching-Jung(1992).Hsinchu,National Tsing Hua University.
38. Lu, Shun-Chieh(2003).Taipei,National Chengchi University.
39. Padgett, Jaye(2008).Glides, Vowels, and Features.Lingua,118,1937-1955.
40. Pisoni, D.(ed.),Remez, R.(ed.)(2005).The Handbook of Speech Perception.Malden, MA:Blackwell.
41. Prince, Alan(1990).Quantitative Consequences of Rhythmic Organization.Chicago Linguistic Society,26(2),355-398.
42. Prince, Alan(1983).Relating to the Grid.Linguistic Inquiry,14,19-100.
43. Prince, Alan,Smolensky, Paul(1993).Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar.New Brunswick, N.J.:Rutgers University.
44. Rosenthall, Samuel(1994).Vowel/glide Alternation in a Theory of Constraint Interaction.New York:Garland Publishing Inc..
45. Steriade, Donca(1984).Glides and Vowels in Romanian.Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society,10,47-64.
46. Sung, Chia-Hsing(2005).Chiayi,National Chung Cheng University.
47. Tang, C.-C. Jane(2002).On Nominalization in Paiwan.Language and Linguistics,3(2),283-333.
48. Tang, C.-C. Jane(2002).On Negative Constructions in Paiwan.Language and Linguistics,3(4),745-810.
49. Tang, C.-C. Jane(2004).Two Types of Classifier Languages: A Typological Study of Classification Markers in Paiwan Noun Phrases.Language and Linguistics,5(2),377-407.
50. Tang, C.-C. Jane,Chang, Henry Yung-li,Ho, Dah-an(1998).On Noun Phrase Structures in Paiwan.Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies,28(3),335-384.
51. Tryon, Darrell T.(ed.)(1995).Austronesian Comparative Dictionary: An Introduction to Austronesian Studies.Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter.
52. Tseng, J. Chia-Hsing(2009).Hsinchu,National Tsing Hua University.
53. Tseng, Meylysa(2003).Chiayi,National Chung Cheng University.
54. Waksler, Rachelle(1990).Boston,Harvard University.
55. Wang, Shu-Chen(2004).Chiayi,National Chung Cheng University.
56. Wu, Chen-Huei(2002).Taipei,National Chengchi University.
57. Wu, Chun-ming(2004).Chiayi,National Chung Cheng University.
58. Yeh, Mei-Li(2000).Reduplication in Bunun and Saisiyat.Taiwan Humanity,5,359-384.
59. Yeh, Shih-Chi S.(2003).Hsinchu,National Tsing Hua University.
60. Zeitoun, Elizabeth,Wu, Chen-Huei(2006).An Overview of Reduplication in Formosan Languages.Streams Converging into an Ocean: Festschrift in Honor of Professor Paul Jen-kuei Li on His 70th Birthday,Taipei:

1. Lin, Hui-shan(2018).VOWEL HIATUS RESOLUTION IN KAVALAN.Taiwan Journal of Linguistics,16(1),53-93.
2. 葉詩綺(2021)。Truncation of Personal Names in Paiwan。臺灣語文研究，16(1)，1-43。