题名

香港粵語利益性接收標記「多謝」的話語功能及其語法浮現

并列篇名

The Emergence of a Beneficial Reception Marker: The Discourse-Pragmatic Functions of doze in Hong Kong Cantonese|Marqueur de réception bénéfique: les fonctions du discours-pragmatiques et la grammaire émergeante de doze dans le cantonais de Hong Kong|香港広東語における利益の受け取りを標示する「多謝」の語用論的機能および創発的文法|Ein benefaktischer Rezeptionsmarker: Die diskurspragmatischen Funktionen und die Grammatikentwicklung (Emergent Grammar) von doze in Hongkong Kantonesisch

DOI

10.6503/THJCS.202109_51(3).0004

作者

譚詠瑜(Hugo Wing-yu Tam)

关键词

語法化 ; 交互主觀性 ; 禮貌 ; 浮現語法 ; 現代粵語 ; 廣東話 ; grammaticalization ; intersubjectivity ; politeness ; Emergent Grammar ; modern Cantonese ; Gwongdungwaa廣東話|grammaticalisation ; intersubjectivité ; politesse ; grammaire émergeante ; cantonais moderne ; Gwongdungwaa廣東話|文法化 ; 間主観性 ; 礼儀正しさ ; 創発的文法 ; 現代広東語 ; 広東語|Grammatikalisierung ; Intersubjektivität ; Höflichkeit ; Grammatikentwicklung ; modernes Kantonesisch ; Gwongdungwaa廣東話

期刊名称

清華學報

卷期/出版年月

51卷3期(2021 / 09 / 01)

页次

539 - 585

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

本文以口語語料庫為本,描述粵語高頻詞「多謝」(doze)的話語語用功能,並從浮現語法的角度探討此話語標記的發展。研究語料來自三個香港粵語口語語料庫,語料長度約56小時,集中分析「多謝」在會話言談中的互動功能。結果顯示「多謝」在會話中各架構呈現出語法連續體的現象,更虛化到有超越感謝的功能。「多謝」的概念功能為「向別人表達感謝」;語篇功能有「陳述感謝原因」;人際功能則有「回應實質性利益接收」、「回應得到別人非預期的承諾」、「回應恭賀」、「回應恭維」和「拒絕邀請」。本文就研究結果討論關聯理論和禮貌原則在話語標記發展的角色,說明「多謝」以會話參與雙方的利益為核心,透過人際互動浮現出多種功能,並發現「多謝」和「唔該」(mgoi)的語用差異與社會行為的預期值有關。最後,本文證明共時性的人際互動和規約化推動語言使用的演變,並說明動態性的語言變化,即浮現語法。

英文摘要

This paper describes the discourse-pragmatic functions of doze多謝 ('many thanks') in spoken Cantonese discourse. Two functions of doze were found which have not previously been described. The audio/video data comes from spoken corpora and consists of 107 instances. The study shows that doze is a multifunctional discourse marker: doze functions as a marker of response to tangible receiving, response to congratulations or a compliment, response for declining an invitation, and response to unexpected promise making. This study suggests that doze is originally a stative verb of expressing gratitude; it retains the meaning of thanking and encodes during conversational interaction the attitudes between the speaker and the listener toward the beneficial event. Some grammaticalization effects involving conventional inferencing are witnessed and demonstrate the evolution of a stative verb to a beneficial reception marker via conversational development. This paper also captures the subtle differences between doze and mgoi唔該in Hong Kong Cantonese. It contributes to the understanding of grammaticalization, Emergent Grammar, and politeness in the Asian context.|Cet article analyse les fonctions discursives et pragmatiques de doze多謝 (merci) dans le cantonais parlé, à partir d'un corpus oral constitué de trois bases de données audio/vidéo du cantonais parlé à Hong Kong. Cette étude suggère que doze est originellement un verbe statif employé pour exprimer la gratitude: il retient le sens de remercier et code les attitudes entre l'orateur et l'auditeur dans une interaction de conversation vis-à-vis d'un événement bénéfique. Quelques faits de grammaticalisation relatifs à une inférence conventionnelle témoignent de l'évolution d'un verbe statif à un marqueur de discours-pragmatique dans le cantonais de Hong Kong. Cet article contribue à la compréhension de la grammaticalisation synchronique et de la grammaire émergeante d'un développement conversationnel.|本論では、香港広東語の三つのコーパスにおける、現代広東語の高頻度語である「多謝」(注:ありがとう)の語用論的機能を分析する。創発的文法の視点から検討することによって、「多謝」は会話の各文脈における語法連続体であることが明らかになった。さらに関連する理論および基本礼儀の言語的表記の役割を検討することにより、人的交流で生じるさまざまな機能から「多謝」と「唔該」のミクロ的な言語差異の説明を行う。結論において、本論は共時性の人的交流および約束が言語の変化を促すことを証明し、言語の動的な変化、すなわち創発的文法を明らかにした。|Basierend auf drei Korpora mit vernakulärem Hongkong Kantonesisch analysiert dieser Artikel den Gebrauch von kontemporärem honorifischen doze多謝und diskutiert die Entwicklung dieses Diskursmarkers aus der Perspektive von ,Emergent Grammar' Grammatikentwicklung. Der Artikel demonstriert, dass doze ein Kontinuum innerhalb eines respektiven konversationellen Rahmens markiert. Der folgende Artikel kombiniert theoretische Überlegungen mit Diskussionen zur Entwicklung von Diskursmarkern und zeigt einerseits die verschiedenen Funktionen auf, die doze in unterschiedlichen Formen von Interaktion entwickelt hat, und andererseits grenzt er die Funktionen von doze von denen von mgoi唔該ab. Weiterhin demonstriert der Artikel, dass synchrone Interaktionen und Verständigungen im Sprachgebrauch Grammatikalisierung forcieren; darüber hinaus diskutiert er die dynamische Veränderung von Sprache und die Entwicklung von Grammatik (Emergent Grammar).

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
人文學 > 歷史學
人文學 > 語言學
人文學 > 中國文學
参考文献
  1. Chang, Miao-hsia(2002).Discourse Functions of Anne in Taiwanese Southern Min.Concentric: Studies in English Literature and Linguistics,28(2),85-115.
    連結:
  2. 「香港理工大學粵語口語語料庫 (PolyU Corpus of Spoken Chinese: Cantonese)」‘Xianggang ligong daxue Yueyu kouyu yuliaoku’,http://chaaklau.github.io/poly_ corpus_static/。http://chaaklau.github.io/poly_corpus_static/
  3. 「香港粵語語料庫 (Hong Kong Cantonese Corpus)」‘Xianggang Yueyu yuliaoku’,http://compling.hss.ntu.edu.sg/hkcancor/。http://compling.hss.ntu.edu.sg/hkcancor/
  4. 《粵典》Yuedian,http://words.hk/。
  5. 「香港二十世紀中期粵語語料庫 (A Linguistic Corpus of Mid-20th Century Hong Kong Cantonese)」‘Xianggang ershi shiji zhongqi Yueyu yuliaoku’,http://hkcc.eduhk.hk/ v1/corpus/index.php。http://hkcc.eduhk.hk/v1/corpus/index.php
  6. Ahn, Mikyung(2010).From ‘Favor’ to ‘Cause’: The English Causal Adposition thanks to and Its Korean Counterpart tekpwuney.Language Sciences,32(5),579-587.
  7. Aijmer, Karin(1996).Conversational Routines in English: Convention and Creativity.London:Routledge.
  8. Aijmer, Karin(2002).English Discourse Particles: Evidence from a Corpus.Amsterdam:John Benjamins.
  9. Aston, Guy(1995).Say ‘Thank You’: Some Pragmatic Constraints in Conversational Closings.Applied Linguistics,16(1),57-86.
  10. Blakemore, Diane(1992).Understanding Utterances: An Introduction to Pragmatics.Oxford:Blackwell.
  11. Brown, Penelope,Levinson, Stephen C.(1987).Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  12. Bybee, Joan(2010).Diachronic Linguistics.The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics,Oxford:
  13. Bybee, Joan,Hopper, Paul J.(2001).Introduction to Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure.Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure,Amsterdam:
  14. Bybee, Joan,Thompson, Sandra A.(1997).Three Frequency Effects in Syntax.Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Pragmatics and Grammatical Structure,Berkeley:
  15. Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong. 2016 Population By-Census. Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department, 2017.
  16. Chang, Miao-hsia,Hsieh, Shu-kai(2017).A Corpus-Based Study of the Recurrent Lexical Bundle ka li kong ‘Let (Me) Tell You’ in Taiwanese Southern Min Conversations.Chinese Language and Discourse,8(2),174-211.
  17. Chen, Kan,Tao, Hongyin(2014).The Rise of a High Transitivity Marker dao in Contemporary Chinese: Co-Evolvement of Language and Society.Chinese Language and Discourse,5(1),25-52.
  18. Chor, Winnie(2013).From ‘Direction’ to ‘Positive Evaluation’: On the Grammaticalization, Subjectification and Intersubjectification of faan1 ‘Return’ in Cantonese.Language and Linguistics,14(1),91-134.
  19. Chor, Winnie,Yap, Foong-ha,Wong, Tak-sum(2016).Chinese Interrogative Particles as Talk Coordinators at the Right Periphery: A Discourse-Pragmatic Perspective.Journal of Historical Pragmatics,17(2),178-207.
  20. Chui, Kawai(1994).Grammaticization of the Saying Verb wa in Cantonese.Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics,5,1-13.
  21. Conrad, Susan,Douglas, Biber(2004).The Frequency and Use of Lexical Bundles in Conversation and Academic Prose.Lexicographica,20,56-71.
  22. Cortes, Viviana(2004).Lexical Bundles in Published and Student Disciplinary Writing: Examples from History and Biology.English for Specific Purposes,23(4),397-423.
  23. Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth(2011).Grammaticalization and Conversation.The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization,Oxford:
  24. Croft, William(2003).Typology.The Handbook of Linguistics,Oxford:
  25. Culpeper, Jonathan(2011).Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  26. Givón, Talmy(1971).Historical Syntax and Synchronic Morphology: An Archaeologist’s Field Trip.Seventh Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society,Chicago:
  27. Goffman, Erving(1971).Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order.New York:Basic Books.
  28. Grice, H. Paul(1975).Logic and Conversation.Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts,New York:
  29. Halliday, M. A. K.(2005).Studies in Chinese Language.London:Continuum.
  30. Halliday, M. A. K.,Matthiessen, Christian M. I. M.(2014).Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar.London:Routledge.
  31. Hopper, Paul J.(2012).Emergent Grammar.The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis,London:
  32. Hopper, Paul J.(2003).Grammaticalization.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  33. Hopper, Paul J.(1987).Emergent Grammar.Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society,Berkeley:
  34. Hopper, Paul J.,Traugott, Elizabeth C.(1993).Grammaticalization.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  35. Huang, Shuanfan(2000).The Story of Heads and Tails: On a Sequentially Sensitive Lexicon.Language and Linguistics,1(2),79-107.
  36. Jucker, Andreas H.,Smith, Sara W.(1998).And People Just You Know like ‘Wow’: Discourse Markers as Negotiating Strategies.Discourse Markers: Descriptions and Theory,Amsterdam:
  37. Koike, Dale A.,Vann, Robert E.,Busquets, Joan(2001).Spanish no, sí: Reactive Moves to Perceived Face-Threatening Acts, Part II.Journal of Pragmatics,33(6),879-899.
  38. Lau, Chaak-ming(2019).Building Cantonese Dictionaries Using Crowdsourcing Strategies: The words.hk Project.Digital Humanities and New Ways of Teaching,Singapore:
  39. Lee, Mei-shan.(2013).Kong,The University of Hong Kong.
  40. Levinson, Stephen C.(1983).Pragmatics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  41. Liesenfeld, Andreas(2019).Cantonese Turn-Initial Minimal Particles: Annotation of Discourse-Interactional Functions in Dialog Corpora.Proceedings of the 33rd Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation,Hakodate:
  42. Luke, Kang-kwong,May, Lai-yin Wong(2015).The Hong Kong Cantonese Corpus: Design and Uses.Journal of Chinese Linguistics, Monograph Series,25,312-333.
  43. Mair, Christian(2011).Grammaticalization and Corpus Linguistics.The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization,Oxford:
  44. Maschler, Yael,Schiffrin, Deborah(2015).Discourse Markers: Language, Meaning, and Context.The Handbook of Discourse Analysis,Oxford:
  45. Michael, Tomasello(ed.)(1998).The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Language Structure.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.
  46. Narrog, Heiko,Heine, Bernd(2011).Introduction.The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization,Oxford:
  47. Östman, Jan-Ola(1981).You Know: A Discourse-Functional Study.Amsterdam:John Benjamins.
  48. Pedersen, Jan(2010).The Different Swedish tack: An Ethnopragmatic Investigation of Swedish Thanking and Related Concepts.Journal of Pragmatics,42(5),1258-1265.
  49. Schiffrin, Deborah(1987).Discourse Markers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  50. Silvia, Luraghi(ed.),Vit, Bubenik(ed.)(2010).The Continuum Companion to Historical Linguistics.London:Continuum.
  51. Sperber, Dan,Wilson, Deirdre(1995).Relevance: Communication and Cognition.Oxford:Blackwell.
  52. Stivers, Tanya(2004).No No No’ and Other Types of Multiple Sayings in Social Interaction.Human Communication Research,30(2),260-293.
  53. Tao, Hongyin(2011).Thank you, Sorry and Please in Cypriot Greek: What Happens to Politeness Markers When They Are Borrowed across Languages?.Journal of Pragmatics,43(1),218-235.
  54. Tao, Hongyin(2003).Toward an Emergent View of Lexical Semantics.Language and Linguistics,4(4),837-856.
  55. Terkourafi, Marina(2015).Conventionalization: A New Agenda for Im/politeness Research.Journal of Pragmatics,86,11-18.
  56. Traugott, Elizabeth C.(1995).Subjectification in Grammaticalisation.Subjectivity and Subjectivisation,Cambridge:
  57. Traugott, Elizabeth C.(1989).On the Rise of Epistemic Meanings in English: An Example of Subjectification in Semantic Change.Language,65(1),31-55.
  58. Traugott, Elizabeth C.,Dashe, Richard B.(2002).Regularity in Semantic Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  59. Vergis, Nikos,Marina, Terkourafi.(2015).The M-Word: A Greek Collocation between Solidarity and Insult.Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Im/politeness,Amsterdam:
  60. Wang Yu-fang,Aya, Katz,Chen, Chih-hua(2003).Thinking as Saying: Shuo (‘Say’) in Taiwan Mandarin Conversation and BBS Talk.Language Sciences,25(5),457-488.
  61. Wang, Yu-fang(2008).Beyond Negation: The Roles of meiyou and bushi in Mandarin Conversation.Language Sciences,30(6),679-713.
  62. Wong, May Lai-yin(2010).Expressions of Gratitude by Hong Kong Speakers of English: Research from the International Corpus of English in Hong Kong (ICE-HK).Journal of Pragmatics,42(5),1243-1257.
  63. Wu, Helena,Andrea, Riemenschnitter(2018).Introduction: Hong Kong Connections across the Sinosphere.Interventions,20(8),1073-1084.
  64. Yip, Virginia and Stephen Matthews(2000).Basic Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook.London:Routledge.
  65. 中國社會科學院=Zhongguo shehui kexue yuan(2016).現代漢語詞典.北京=Beijing:商務印書館=Shangwu yinshuguan.
  66. 方梅, Mei(2019).漢語篇章語法研究.北京=Beijing:社會科學文獻出版社=Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe.
  67. 周無忌, Wuji,歐陽覺亞(編), Jueya,饒秉才(編), Bingcai(2011).普通話廣州話用法對比詞典.香港=Hong Kong:商務印書館=Shangwu yinshuguan.
  68. 屈承熹, Chauncey C.(2010).漢語功能篇章語法──從認知、功能到篇章結構.臺北=Taipei:文鶴出版=Wenhe chuban.
  69. 姚玉敏, Carine Yuk-man(2015)。重構早期漢語方言語法──位移事件的類型。中國語言學集刊,8(2),267-288。
  70. 張海紅, Haihong,李敏盈, Minying,林華勇, Huayong(2019)。粵方言語法化研究綜觀。惠州學院學報,2019(2),87-95。
  71. 張惟, Wei,高華, Hua(2012)。粵語自然會話中「即係」的話語功能及其標記化。語言科學,2012(4),387-395。
  72. 張愛玲, Ailing(2016)。南京=Nanjing,南京師範大學=Nanjing shifan daxue。
  73. 畢永峨=Biq Yung-o(2007)。遠指詞「那」詞串在臺灣口語中的詞彙化與習語化。當代語言學,2007(2),128-138。
  74. 陸鏡光, Kang-kwong(2002)。廣州話句末「先」的話語分析 de huayu fenxi。暨南學報(哲學社會科學版),22002(2),41-44。
  75. 陶紅印, Hongyin(2003)。從語音、語法和話語特徵看「知道」格式在談話中的演化。中國語文,2003(4),291-302。
  76. 陶紅印, Hongyin(2000)。從「吃」看動詞論元結構的動態特徵。語言研究,2000(3),21-38。
  77. 陶紅印, Hongyin(1999)。試論語體分類的語法學意義。當代語言學,1999(3),15-24。
  78. 麥耘(編), Yun,譚步雲(編), Buyun(2011).實用廣州話分類詞典.香港=Hong:商務印書館=Shangwu.
  79. 傅愛蘭, Oi-lan,叢鐵華, Tie-hua,郭粲, Can,華相, Xiang,劉國張, Kwok-cheung,方麗玲, Lai-ling,張詠珊, Wing-shan,(2012)。個案八:校本(中文[第二語言])任務型教學設計的理念與方法。非華語學生的中文學與教:課程、教材、教法與評估,香港=Hong Kong:
  80. 曾金金, Chin-chin(2004)。由「謝謝」的使用談語言與文化教學。第七屆國際漢語教學討論會論文選第七屆國際漢語教學討論會論文選,北京=Beijing:
  81. 董秀芳, Xiufang(2007)。詞彙化與話語標記的形成。世界漢語教學,2007(1),50-61。
  82. 劉焱, Yan,陶紅印, Hongyin(2018)。負面認識範疇表達式的語體語用研究——「你不知道」及相關問題。互動語言學與漢語研究,北京=Beijing:
  83. 錢志安, Chi-on Andy(2013)。粵語研究新資源:《香港二十世紀中期粵語語料庫》。中國語文通訊,92(1),7-16。
  84. 儲澤祥, Zexiang(1995)。「謝謝」的原因賓語凝結式及其南北差異。世界漢語教學,1995(4),23-28。
  85. 儲澤祥, Zexiang,黃雲峰, Yunfeng(2017)。「謝謝」的詞彙化:從構形重疊到構詞重疊。湘潭大學學報(哲學社會科學版),2017(6),106-119。
  86. 儲澤祥, Zexiang,劉琪, Qi(2014)。儲澤祥漢語方言感謝語及其回應語的類別研究——兼論感謝語的「回應錯配」現象。語文研究,2014(2),55-59。
  87. 羅仁地, Randy J.(2006)。歷史語言學和語言類型學。北京大學學報(哲學社會科學版),2006(2),27-30。
被引用次数
  1. 關靖琳,延晶(2023)。香港華語小學生與少數族裔小學生口語互動中話語標記語「同埋」的使用情況。華語文教學研究,20(2),45-69。