論漢語假設複句的多義現象

On the Polysemy of Mandarin Conditionals

10.6503/THJCS.202409_54(3).0005

張麗麗(Chang Li-li)

假設複句 ； 複句 ； 多義現象 ； 行、知、言三域 ； 元語 ； 語義地圖 ； conditionals ； compound and complex sentences ； polysemy ； the content, epistemic, and speech act domains ； metalanguage ； semantic map

清華學報

54卷3期（2024 / 09 / 01）

573 - 626

繁體中文;英文

本文嘗試透過假設複句探討複句的多義現象。文中以「如果」句和「如果說」句為對象，致力於探討二者可表達的句間關係以及關係並存情形，並據以建立漢語的假設概念空間。文中亦審慎勾勒行域、知域、言域和元語的分布板塊，更細緻地呈現假設複句的意義引伸狀況，並闡明這兩個構式的差異。文末還比較漢語「如果」句和英語if句，指出複句多義現象具普遍性，但也受到各語言複句體系的牽制。

This paper attempts to explore the polysemy of compound and complex sentences through Mandarin conditionals. Focusing on the two basic conditional constructions, i.e., the ruguo 如果 construction and the ruguoshuo 如果說 construction, this paper explores their inter-clausal relations as well as the polysemous relations existing within each construct. A conceptual space is thus built, and then the distribution of three domains (i.e., the content domain, the epistemic domain, and the speech act domain) and metalanguage usages are cautiously defined on the space, in order to present the semantic extensions of conditional constructions in greater detail and also to illustrate the differences between the two constructions. Then, by comparing the ruguo construction and the if construction in English, the paper points out that the polysemy of compound and complex sentences is universal but is also subject to the system of compound and complex sentences of each language.