建構生態旅遊工作項目之知識結構－以社頂生態旅遊發展為例

Constructing the Knowledge Structure of Work Items for Community Ecotourism-A Case of Ecotourism in Sheding Community

10.30064/QJCF.201103.0006

陳美惠(Mei-Hui Chen)；李來錫(Lai-Hsi Lee)；黃韻樺(Uen-Huan Huang)

社區生態旅遊 ； 知識管理 ； 知識結構圖 ； 內容分析法 ； Community ecotourism ； Knowledge management ； Knowledge structure ； Content analysis

中華林學季刊

44卷1期（2011 / 03 / 01）

55 - 72

繁體中文

社區生態旅遊已成爲一種新興的旅遊型態，它強調在遊憩的過程中，對當地生態衝擊最少並增加在地參與機會。推動社區生態旅遊的過程中，必須進行社區成員的組織與訓練，推行過程內容繁多且關係緊密，也造成許多社區發展生態旅遊的障礙。本研究採用社頂建立生態旅遊基礎的關鍵期間之所有會議紀錄爲材料，應用內容分析法整理與探討社頂部落發展社區生態旅遊之各項工作的知識結構。研究結果顯示，社區發展生態旅遊的主要工作項目有：組織架構、遊程規劃、訊息推廣、環境保育、人力培訓與成效評估。其中又以社區組織架構爲最常被討論與進行，此顯示社區在發展生態旅遊時，首先必須組織健全，如此才有能力進行後續的各項工作。接著進行人力培訓與尋求外部人力與經費的外援，再進行遊程規劃。遊程規劃的討論次數僅次於組織架構，內容相當繁雜。本研究進一步探討專業輔導團隊的角色，知識結構圖分析顯示，藉由專業輔導團隊從旁協助，社區居民可以有效進行生態旅遊的各項工作。另外，從會議紀錄中也可發現，專業輔導員扮演著與政府部門和部落之間溝通橋樑的角色。

Community ecotourism has been a new trend of tourism. It emphasizes little impact on local ecology and economic creation. However, community members need to operate complicate work operations on ecotourism through mass training and lots of preparations. That becomes main barriers to develop ecotourism. This study illustrates the knowledge structure of community ecotourism using a case study of Sheding community. Main work items are first filter by observing the community meeting records for the first two years. Then knowledge structures of main work items are draw to show the relationships among sub-work items. Results show that there are six items of ecotourism in the Sheding case, which are organization structure, tour planning, promotion, environment conservation, empowerment, and performance evaluation. The issue that has been discussed most is organization structure. It shows that the first step of success is to enforce a strong organization so as to do following works. The second order is the issue of ecotourism planning. It contains lots of discussions so as to build a well plan of ecotourism. Furthermore, the study discusses the role of professional consulting team on the development of community ecotourism. It shows that the professional consulting team plays an important role for community to develop ecotourism. The professional consulting team is the bridge between the national park and community, and can lead the right way for developing ecotourism.