臺灣裸子植物毬果類型

Cone Types of Gymnosperm in Taiwan

10.30064/QJCF.201109.0002

楊勝任(Sheng-Zehn Yang)；陳以臻(Yi-Jeng Chen)；何維祥(Wei-Hsiang Ho)

毬果形態 ； 毬果類型檢索表 ； 裸子植物 ； 珠鱗 ； Cone morphology ； Cone type keys ； Gymnosperm ； Ovuliferous scale

中華林學季刊

44卷3期（2011 / 09 / 01）

329 - 348

繁體中文

裸子植物毬果類型形態特徵使用術語描述，但對於術語之意仍欠缺基礎，因此相同術語由不同學者使用時常有不同而產生誤解。本文研究目的依Spjut裸子植物毬果8類型（合鱗肉質種實、圍孢種實、珠被種實、套被種實、複合種毬、合鱗乾質種毬、單一種毬、葉狀種毬）為基礎，釐定臺灣裸子植物毬果類型，並製作檢索表供裸子植物毬果的分類。依據大孢子葉、珠鱗、苞鱗等形態與質地特徵、胚珠著生位置以及發育階段等，結果顯示臺灣常見裸子植物毬果含有此8種類型，分布於11科21屬，並分別製作科與屬的檢索表顯示彼此的差異。穗花杉科、三尖杉科、紅豆杉科及柏科圓柏屬的種實由似假種皮所覆蓋，其起源於苞鱗或種鱗合生，呈肉質狀圍繞種子，但銀杏科種實則由假種皮覆蓋，其源自於胎座與珠柄。柏科具合鱗肉質種實與合鱗乾質種毬2種類型，其珠鱗與苞鱗合生，分別發育成肉質與木質狀質地。總計臺灣原生裸子植物8科共有6種毬果類型，佔所有類型的75%。

The morphological characteristics of gymnosperm cone types have been described with terms that still lack an established foundation as to their meanings, since the same term has been used differently by different authors. Based on eight cone types (arcesthida, arillocarpium, compound cone, epispermatium, galbulus, simple cone, spermidium, strobilus) treated by Spjut, the aims of this study were to identify cone types and make keys to classify the families of gymnosperms in Taiwan. According to the morphological characteristics and the textures of megasporophyll, ovuliferous scales and bracts, also, the attached place and development stage of ovules, results showed that, common gymnosperm cones in Taiwan are contained in eight types and belong to eleven families including twenty one genera; and their keys were established respectively to show the differences among them. The seeds of Amentotaxaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Taxaceae and the genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae) are covered by arillike, which is originated from bracts and ovuliferous scales complex and freshy. But those of Ginkgoaceae are covered by aril, which is originated from placenta and funiculus. Two cone types are included in Cupressaceae that those of the ovuliferous scales and bracts are fused and developed into freshy (arcesthida) and dry textures (galbulus). Besides, eight native families of gymnosperm belong to six groups, 75% high proportion of cone types.