多年自動相機調查：比較南北臺灣二處低地森林的食蟹獴行為

A COMPARATIVE MULTI-YEAR STUDY OF CRAB-EATING MONGOOSE (HERPESTES URVA) BEHAVIOR IN THE LOWLAND FORESTS OF SOUTH AND NORTH TAIWAN BY INFRARED AUTOMATIC CAMERA

胡正恆(Cheng-Heng Hu)；趙國容(Kuo-Jung Chao)；宋國彰(Guo-Zhang Song)

自動相機 ； 低地森林 ； 獴 ； 親子行為 ； 野生動物 ； Infrared automatic camera ； Lowland forest ； Mongoose ； Parenting behavior ； Wildlife

中華林學季刊

51卷1期（2018 / 03 / 01）

53 - 67

繁體中文

食蟹獴分布範圍跨越暖溫帶到熱帶。在臺灣低海拔溪流中，曾經廣泛地分布與繁衍，但低地森林棲地在近一個世紀的超限利用下，使此一高階掠食者在全島面臨族群萎縮，目前為臺灣保育類二級的珍貴稀有野生動物。本研究運用紅外線自動相機，記錄北臺灣暖溫帶四嵌水樣區(2013-2017)中，食蟹獴為第二優勢哺乳動物，活動量佔整體(n=450)的18%，僅次於山羌；在南臺灣南仁山溪谷(2011-2012)的動物相中，食蟹獴卻達第一優勢動物，出現頻度可佔有效照片(n=519)的53%。食蟹獴在南仁山溪谷的颱風季(6-9月)，會遭遇2-20天不等的泛濫淹水期程，引發頻繁的覓食搜尋隊群。育幼期從6月到12月出現「親子隊」，常見成獸帶領2-3隻幼獸聯合覓食。12月以後，幼獴甚早向外擴散，在母獸的核心領域只停留6個月，短於北臺灣暖溫帶的記錄。並可觀察到冬季12月時即有發情配對的獴相互追咬，此後懷孕期1月到5月的獨居傾向明顯，直到6月幼獸誕生。以自動相機比較不同林地中食蟹獴「季活動量」和「日活動模式」，冬季資源匱乏時族群具有應變韌性，地景上也急需針對關鍵育幼期的棲地品質需求，做出長期生態維穩的保育規劃。

Crab-eating mongoose is distributed in the warm temperate zone to the tropics in the world. In the lowland streams of Taiwan, it used to be widely distributed with rich reproductive behavior. However, under the pressure of overexploitation of lowland forest habitats in the last century, this top predatory mammal has become a precious and rare wildlife species in Taiwan. In this study, infrared automatic cameras were used to survey seasonal behaviors and reproductive status of mongooses in the Sikangshui forest in Northern Taiwan (2013-2017) and the Nanjenshan forests in Southern Taiwan (2011-2012). The mongoose was the second dominant animal in the North, accounting for 18% of the total effective photos (n=450); while it was the top predominant wildlife in the South, accounting for 53% of the effective photos (n=519). Tropical forests had heavy rains between the summer typhoons during June-September, 2011, which brought a range of 2-20 days of flooding. This triggered frequent foraging behavior of mongoose in the South. In the second half of the year, it was the key period for raising cubs, and formed ＂parent-child teams＂. There were at least two or three cubs in a team. After December, the youth had spread outwards in the tropics, and then newly mated couples moved to solitary living from January to May, until cubs were born in June. To summarize the crab-eating mongooses are urgently endangered in the rural agroforestry landscape in North Taiwan. Infrared photo records allow researchers to analyze ＂seasonal rhythm,＂ and ＂daily activity＂ of mongooses in different forest patches. Ecological resilience of the mongooses requires qualified and sufficiently large territory for cub-raising.